OF OCTOBER

THE TWENTY-SEVENTH DAY

SAINTS WHO ARE VENERATED ON THE SIXTH DAY BEFORE THE KALENDS OF OCTOBER.

St. Thraseas, bishop, martyr at Eumeneia in Phrygia.

St. Polycarp, martyr at Eumeneia in Phrygia.

St. Caius or, Gaius, martyr at Eumeneia in Phrygia.

St. Alexander, martyr at Eumeneia in Phrygia.

St. Neon, martyr at Eumeneia in Phrygia.

St. Diodorus, martyr at Eumeneia in Phrygia.

St. Metrobius, martyr at Eumeneia in Phrygia.

Four others, martyrs at Eumeneia in Phrygia.

St. Florentius, martyr, at Til-Châtel, a town of Burgundy.

St. Vandeletus, martyr, at Til-Châtel, a town of Burgundy.

St. Honoratus, confessor, at Til-Châtel, a town of Burgundy.

St. Marianus or Marcianus.

St. Lucius.

St. Victus.

St. Maximus, martyr at Rome.

St. Venantius, martyr at Rome.

St. Lucian, martyr at Rome.

St. Donatus, martyr at Rome.

St. Comitius, martyr at Rome.

St. Vincent, martyr at Ávila in Spain.

St. Sabina, martyr at Ávila in Spain.

St. Christeta, martyr at Ávila in Spain.

St. Capitolina, martyr in Cappadocia.

St. Eroteis, her handmaid, martyr in Cappadocia.

St. Nestor, martyr at Thessalonica and companion of St. Demetrius.

St. Mark, Asian martyr, venerated on the island of Thasos.

St. Soterichus, Asian martyr, venerated on the island of Thasos.

St. Valentina, Asian martyr, venerated on the island of Thasos.

St. Eucharius, bishop, martyr in Lorraine.

His companions, martyrs in Lorraine.

St. Abraham, disciple of St. Pachomius, in Upper Egypt.

St. Justus, presbyter of Limoges in the Gauls.

St. Frumentius, confessor and bishop, apostle of the Abyssinians.

Bl. Namatius, bishop of Clermont.

St. Abban of Killabban in Ireland.

St. Abban of Magharnuidhe in Ireland.

St. Ia, in British Cornwall.

St. Breaca, in British Cornwall.

St. Uni, in British Cornwall.

St. Sininus, in British Cornwall.

St. Elwinus, in British Cornwall.

St. Marnanus, in British Cornwall.

St. Germocchus, in British Cornwall.

St. Crewenna, in British Cornwall.

St. Helena, in British Cornwall.

St. Tecla or Etha, in British Cornwall.

St. Gwithean, in British Cornwall.

St. Gwinnear or Wymerus, in British Cornwall.

St. Elesbaas, king and confessor.

St. Aragawi or Za-Michael, monk in Ethiopia.

St. Pantaleon, monk in Ethiopia.

St. Garima, monk in Ethiopia.

St. Alef, monk in Ethiopia.

St. Tzehma, Alftze, Liqanos, Imeata and Guba or Otz, monks in Ethiopia.

St. Alftze, monk in Ethiopia.

St. Liqanos, monk in Ethiopia.

St. Imeata, monk in Ethiopia.

St. Guba or Otz, monk in Ethiopia.

St. Flos, confessor and bishop, at Pola in Istria.

St. Odran, confessor, not a bishop, on the island of Iona.

St. Cyriacus, bishop of Constantinople.

St. Desiderius, bishop of Auxerre.

Bl. Quintilian, bishop of Auxerre.

Bl. Haymarius, bishop of Auxerre.

Bl. Maurinus, bishop of Auxerre.

Bl. Aaron, bishop of Auxerre.

Bl. Betto, bishop of Auxerre.

Bl. Guido, bishop of Auxerre.

St. Colman, confessor at Senboth, in Ireland.

Bl. Tekla Haimanot, father of monks in Ethiopia.

Bl. Hemelina, lay sister, Cistercian.

Bl. Goswin, monk, Cistercian.

Bl. Joanna Soderini, of the order of Mantellates, at Florence.

Bl. Antonia of Brescia, nun of the order of Friars Preachers, at Ferrara.

PASSED OVER AND REFERRED TO OTHER DAYS

The finding or translation of St. Vincent, levite and martyr, is remembered today in the Usuardine auctaria of Saint-Germain-des-Prés and of Molanus, and by Galesini, Ferrarius, du Saussay and Tamayo; the two latter of whom followed up this translation at great length. This translation, made in the year 855 and set down in two books by Aimoin the monk, may be read in our Acts at the day on which St. Vincent of Zaragoza is venerated, 22 January.

The ordination of St. Amandus, bishop of Maastricht, in the monastery of Elnone is announced today in the Usuardine Martyrology of Molanus, in the Gallican Martyrology of du Saussay and in the Benedictine Menology of Bucelin. Yet it ought to have been announced the day before, as may be seen in the Passed Over at 26 October. There we pointed out that this feast of the ordination had been illustrated with the rest of the deeds of St. Amandus at the day on which he is now generally venerated, 6 February.

St. Odran, disciple of St. Patrick and martyr, is praised on this day in several martyrologies which we indicated at the beginning of the Sylloge on St. Odran of Iona; but by error. That saint was venerated on 19 February or 8 May; and our predecessors spoke of him at the former day, namely at 19 February.

The festival of St. Otteran, bishop and confessor, and patron of the cathedral church and of the whole diocese of Waterford, is announced on this day in the ecclesiastical calendar of this diocese, with this prescription added: that the offices are to be performed under double rite of the first class with an octave, that the Mass Statuit is to be recited, and that all the rest is to be taken from the common or ordinary of confessor pontiffs. At the beginning of the sixteenth century Greven, Carthusian of Cologne, also knew this feast, and so in both his editions of Usuard, namely of the years 1515 and 1521, he published at this day: "In Ireland, of Oranus, bishop and confessor." In the Passed Over at the 26th and also at this day, and similarly in the Sylloge on St. Odran of Iona, we related many things from the Irish Martyrologies about St. Odran, which name is the same as Otteran; from which it is manifest that the Irish martyrologists were long ago doubtful which St. Odran or Otteran is venerated on this day. When Matthew Kelly Calendar of Irish Saints, page 133., who died vice-rector of the Catholic University of Dublin, came upon these things while illustrating the patrons of the saints of Ireland, he could by no means determine whether St. Otteran, patron of Waterford, was the same as St. Odran of Latteragh, or rather the one of Iona, or else the disciple of St. Patrick and martyr. But, what the learned man did not observe, none of them was adorned with the episcopal dignity. And indeed one, the venerable man O'Hanlon, priest of Dublin, who has spent many years and unconquered constancy in collecting and illustrating the acts of the saints of Ireland (would that they might one day come to light), sent me most laborious commentaries on the saints named Odran or Otteran; but he too is at a loss. He observes that in the western district of Waterford there is a large tract of land, marked on topographical maps as Killoteran, and that within its bounds, two miles from the town, there is situated a church which has St. Otteran as titular patron; he then relates that St. Odran or Otteran, who is venerated today, is called by St. Aengus "the swimming abbot," because he reached Gar Inis by swimming; as I wrote in the sylloge on St. Odran. But he himself observes that this swimming abbot does not seem ever to have been a bishop. To which I will add that Gar Inis lies in the western part of Munster, Waterford in the eastern. These things therefore are exceedingly obscure. And indeed I found only one bishop of this name in the Martyrology of Tallaght, namely at 8 May, and similarly only one in Colgan Acta SS. Hiberniae, page 542, column 1., who flourished about the year 580 and was successor of St. Senan, whose disciple he had been, in the government of the church of Inis-Cathaig (Scattery Island in the mouth of the river Sinenn or Shannon). If he was the St. Otteran venerated at Waterford, let his deeds be looked for in the Life of St. Senan in Colgan or in our work at 8 March.

Bl. Thomasellus, professor of the Order of Friars Preachers, who died on 17 March in the year 1270, is praised by Emmanuel de Lima in the Dominican Hagiology. He has long since been briefly spoken of in these our Acts at 17 March.

The translation of Bl. Gualfardus, hermit, whose body was carried from Verona to Augsburg on 27 October of the year 1602, is announced today by Basil Duverchius in the Camaldolese Menology: of this translation and of the deeds of Bl. Gualfardus it has been treated in our work at 30 April.

The finding of Alexander, pope and martyr, made at Justinopolis in Istria on this day in the year 1306, is announced by Ferrarius in the Catalogue of the Saints of Italy and in the General Catalogue of the saints who are not in the Roman Martyrology. But our Henschenius Acta SS., May, volume I, page 370. endeavours to show that another Alexander was there taken for St. Alexander, pope and martyr, at the day on which he illustrated the Acts of St. Alexander the pope, 3 May.

The translation of St. Dymphna, the most celebrated patroness of Gheel, was recorded on this day in the Usuard of the Charterhouse of Brussels; it has been spoken of in number 6 of the Commentary on St. Dymphna at 20 May.

The translation, or wrongly the ordination, of St. Ivo, priest of Tréguier in Lesser Britain and confessor, called the advocate of the poor and inscribed by the Friars Minor in their swollen catalogue of Tertiaries, is remembered today in the Usuardine auctaria of Alberg, the Florentine, the Medicean, the Lübeck-Cologne, of Greven and of Molanus; in the Canisian martyrology of Wallasser and in that of Galesini; in the General Catalogue of Ferrarius; in the Franciscan Menologies and other calendars. This translation was made in the year 1347, not on 29 October, which day Papebroch read in his codex Acta SS., volume V of May, page 579, number 160., but on 27 October, the only day on which it is inscribed in the sacred calendars. But see the Life of St. Ivo in our work at 19 May.

The deposition of the head of St. John the Forerunner or Baptist is read in the calendar of the Mstislav Gospel-book Cf. Acta SS., volume XI of October, page 261.. Of this saint and of the fortunes of his relics it has been discussed in these our Acts at 24 June.

The memory of St. Rumold, bishop and martyr, and patron of Mechelen, is celebrated today in many calendars. In the Tournai auctarium of Bede is read: "At the monastery of Mechelen (Maslinas), the feast of St. Rumold, martyr"; in Greven's Usuard: "The bringing back of Rumold, bishop and martyr"; in the edition of Molanus: "At Mechelen, the bringing back of blessed Rumold, bishop and martyr." I omit the Canisian Martyrology of Wallasser, the General Catalogue of Ferrarius, the Gallican Martyrology of du Saussay and other books, in which the bringing back of St. Rumold is commemorated today. For this too was formerly recalled with a special festival at Mechelen, and at Liège almost down to these times the feast of St. Rumold was kept on 27 October. But what is this bringing back of the body? Du Saussay wrongly answered that it is the very one by which the body was brought back to Mechelen immediately after the martyrdom; on the other hand our Sollerius, in the Commentary on St. Rumold, § XIII, judges it to be the one by which the body, hidden in the ninth century at Steenokkerzeel, was afterwards brought back to Mechelen. See therefore our Acts at the feast-day of St. Rumold, 1 July.

St. Odran, priest of Lethrech or of Iona, is announced on this day in the Martyrology of Tallaght. Of St. Odran of Iona it will be spoken below at this day. Of St. Odran of Lethrech it has been spoken in the Passed Over at the preceding day; and in the Acts, together with his brother St. Medran, at 7 July.

The coming of the body of St. Amelberga, virgin, to Mont-Blandin, a monastery of Ghent in Belgium, is commemorated today in the Usuardine auctaria of Centula and of Molanus, in Ferrarius's General Catalogue, in du Saussay's Gallican Martyrology, in Arthur's Gynecaeum and in the Benedictine menologies. See this most celebrated translation, performed in the year 870, narrated in our work at the day on which the Acts of St. Amelberga were illustrated, 10 July.

"In the district of Poitou, the feast of St. Florentius, priest and confessor," or "priest and monk," and generally "a man of the greatest sanctity and innocence," with praise, is announced today in three codices of the Martyrology of Ado of the Queen of Sweden, now Vatican 511, 512 and 514 In Giorgi, Martyrologium Adonis, page 547., in the Martyrology of Fulda Ibid., page 672. (where by error Ibid., page 548. "bishop" was printed for "priest"), likewise in the most ancient Martyrology of Auxerre In Martène, Analecta, volume VI, column 727., similarly in the Centula, Amiens, Reims and Greven copies of the Martyrology of Usuard. Further, in some books St. Florentius of Poitou walks as companion with St. Florentius of Tyle, of whom we treat at the present day; in others he entirely excludes him. But who is this St. Florentius of Poitou? Sollerius, in the Usuardine auctaria at this day, judges that St. Florentius of Glonne is designated, by whose name two monasteries near Saumur in the district of Anjou were formerly distinguished; of which one communicated its name to a town, commonly Saint-Florentin. On the other hand Giorgi, in his notes on the martyrology of Ado, contends that St. Florentius of Oia is praised; namely the one who flourished and obtained burial on the island of Oia, commonly Lois, Loix, Loye, attached to the island of Radus (the Île de Ré) near Rupella (La Rochelle) (which island was as it were part of the district of Poitou); and whose relics, on account of the invasions of the Northmen, were carried into the monastery of Saint-Savin in the district of Poitou and buried there Cf. Mabillon, Acta SS. Ord. S. Benedicti, century III, part II, page 538.. For my part I do not doubt that St. Florentius of Glonne is announced on this day. In the first place it is to be observed that Glonne was formerly part not of the district of Anjou but of that of Poitou; which district extended to the banks of the Loire and therefore embraced within its bounds the monasteries of St. Florentius Acta SS., volume X of October, pages 151, 795 and 801.. Wherefore Usuard at 22 September celebrates "in the district of Poitou" the memory of St. Florentius, priest and confessor; and since these same words recur today in most calendars, they are an indication that the same saint is meant. Next, as Usuard, who at 22 September praised St. Florentius, priest and confessor, does not commemorate him at the present day, so others who make mention of him today omit him at 22 September, as though they studiously avoided bringing forward the same man twice. Thirdly, in many Hieronymian codices, auctaria of Ado and Usuard and other sacred calendars, there is celebrated at 27 June (as may be seen in the Passed Over at this day, 27 June, and in Giorgi's notes on the same day in the Martyrology of Ado) the translation, feast or bare memory of St. Florentius of Oia; and there either no place is indicated, or the island of Oia or the monastery of Oia, but never the district of Poitou; and the same is observed at 30 December, on which of the same St. Florentius of Oia the deposition, feast or memory is also read in several martyrological codices. Fourthly, at the present day in several martyrologies St. Florentius is called "a man of the greatest sanctity and innocence"; a kind of praise you will scarcely find unless a Life of the saint exists; and a Life exists of St. Florentius of Glonne, by no means of St. Florentius of Oia. Wherefore wherever St. Florentius "in the district of Poitou" (Pictavo or Pictaviensi) appears, St. Florentius the confessor is to be understood, whose Acts our predecessors gave at 22 September.

The Archangel Michael "V ovtchei," or ἐν Προβατίω, in place of which John Martinov directs that "in Promotus" be rightly read, is announced today in the Ostromir Calendar In Kopitar, Glagolita Clozianus, page LXIII; Graeco-Slavonic Year at 27 October.. Du Cange, however Constantinopolis Christiana, page 187, Paris edition., erroneously deduces that the suburb of Promotus was situated on the Asiatic shore of the Bosphorus, both from the Paschal Chronicle, in the eighth year of Heraclius, and from a certain Letter of Ausonius Letter IX, in Migne, volume XIX, column 920.. For it follows altogether from the Chronicle that the place of the suburb of Promotus must be assigned to the European shore: for the Avars, whose invasion and plunderings are narrated in this Chronicle, setting out from the regions of Thrace, did not advance beyond the Bosphorus. Nor, from the fact that Ausonius speaks of "the mad… shores of the Propontis, celebrated from the name of the general Promotus…," must it necessarily be deduced that the suburb of Promotus existed on the shore of Chalcedon, since the shore of the Bosphorus, very well known for the onset of waves dashing against one another, is rightly called "mad shores." Besides, the assertion of the Paschal Chronicle outweighs the authority of verses written in Gaul. And the word πέραν, put by itself, on which du Cange chiefly relies, is used among the Byzantines of that part of the European shore which extends beyond the harbour. But if anyone asks where the church of St. Michael in Promotus was most probably situated, I think it is the same as the very well-known monastery of St. Michael in Sosthenion, of which du Cange speaks a little above. For the church of the Archangel was built by Constantine the Great after the apparitions, on which consult Nicephorus Callistus Book VII, chapter 50. and Sozomen Book II, chapter 3., and hence it is easily understood how its memory, as the most celebrated of all outside the city, was written down in that ancient Ostromir Calendar. On Sosthenion consult, besides du Cange in the place cited, Peter Gyllius [De Bosphoro Thracio, book II, chapter XI, Paris edition, and in C. Müller, Geographi Minores, volume II, page 38 and following.]. But of St. Michael, as of the other holy angels, it has been spoken in our work at the day on which St. Michael is chiefly venerated, 29 September.

The feast of SS. Chrysanthus, Maurus and Daria is marked today in the calendar of Trier written before the end of the fifth century and edited by Althanus De calendariis in genere et speciatim de calendario ecclesiastico, page 124. under the title of the Gertrudian calendar. I think "Mauri" was written in place of "Martyris." The names of Chrysanthus and Daria also come in the Martyrology of Reichenau near Constance, edited by Sollerius in these Acts at the end of June. That this feast occurs there on this day, there is no other reason than that, when in the middle of the ninth century the relics of these martyrs were translated into the monastery of Prüm in the Eifel, their cult grew strong in the whole diocese of Trier. But since the names of SS. Crispin and Crispinian were also most celebrated there, hence it came about that in some places, both in the diocese of Trier and in the neighbourhood, the festival of SS. Chrysanthus and Daria was transferred to the present day from that which is proper to them, 25 October.

St. Protus, priest, and St. Januarius, deacon, teachers of St. Gavinus, soldier, in the island of Sardinia, are read on this day in many very ancient calendars, for the most part with the name of St. Januarius omitted, Protus or Prothus changed into Potus, sometimes with Sardinia indicated as the arena, sometimes suppressed. This is not the place to follow up the individual variations more diligently. If all the codices are compared with one another, it appears altogether that in the Hieronymian lists, from which, as from a spring, this announcement flowed down into innumerable streams of martyrologies, there was originally written: "In Sardinia, at Turres, of Protus and Januarius." This memory, either entire or curtailed or corrupted, is read in very many Hieronymian codices, namely in d'Achery's most ancient codex of Corbie Spicilegium, volume II, page II, edition of 1723., in Fiorentini's of Lucca Vetustius eccles. occid. martyrol., page 936., in that of Antwerp or of St. Willibrord of Echternach Ibid., at the page cited., in Sollerius's of Reichenau Acta SS., volume VII of June, part II, page 13., and in his Augsburg Ibid., page 22. and Labbe Ibid., page 29. codices; in the auctaria of the Martyrology of Bede of Arras, Liessies and Tournai Acta SS., volume II of March, page XXXVI.; in the Martyrology of Rabanus Basnage, Thesaurus monum. Canisii, volume II, part II, page 345.; and finally in the Florentine addition to the Martyrology of Usuard, edited by Sollerius. Indeed a trace is also detected in the Martyrology of Holy Trinity, Dublin J. H. Todd, The book of obits and martyrology etc., page 170.; and, what you may wonder at, the same trace is seen in the Barberini auctarium of Bede Acta SS., volume II of March, page XXXVI.. Hence there is no doubt at all that the feast of these martyrs, which is now kept on 25 October, was formerly kept on the present day together with the feast of their disciple, St. Gavinus. Then, although John de Arca wrote in the Acts of these martyrs that SS. Protus and Januarius suffered martyrdom on the same day as St. Gavinus, it is manifest from the narration itself (as Fiorentini long ago observed) that between the slaying of the disciple and the death of the teachers a few days intervened, for example two days; which agrees with the older calendars or martyrologies; and so John de Arca laid too much force and authority on the unity of the feast-day. But enough of these things for now, since the Acts of SS. Protus and Januarius have been published together with those of St. Gavinus the soldier at 25 October.

"In Africa," the memory of SS. Saturninus and Flavius is read on this day in the Corbie Martyrology of St. Jerome edited by d'Achery; and in another shorter one, likewise of Corbie, produced by Martène in the Amplissima Collectio; and in a third, also of Corbie, copied by Sollerius; the same memory is absent from the codices of Echternach, Lucca and Blum reviewed by Fiorentini; from those of Reichenau, Augsburg and Labbe edited by Sollerius; and from the Ottoboni codex brought to light by Giorgi. Fiorentini does not dare to set them aside. But if he had observed that they are so proper to the Corbie books that they do not appear elsewhere, and then that two days before the same names appeared with other African athletes, he would certainly not have hesitated (as Morcelli also did not hesitate in Africa christiana) to say that these Saturninus and Flavius or Flavianus are the same as the African martyrs who were briefly indicated in our work at 25 October.

The feast of St. Evaristus, pope and martyr, is announced on the present day in the Martyrology of Florus Acta SS., volume II of March, page XXXVI., likewise in the common Martyrology of Ado Giorgi, Martyrol. Adonis, page 547., in very many Usuardine auctaria collected by Sollerius, in the ancient Martyrology of Auxerre edited by Martène Amplissima collectio, volume VI, column 727., in the Calendar of Verdun Ibid., column 683., and in other older calendars following the example of Florus. But in the Hieronymian lists, in the copies of Ado which guided Giorgi Martyrologium Adonis, page 636., in the Usuardine auctarium of Centula and in other calendars his feast is fixed on 23 December; yet, following the Roman Martyrology and other lists, we spoke of him at 26 October.

St. Tutus, who is read today in d'Achery's Corbie Hieronymian Martyrology added to SS. Thraseas and companions, is the same as St. Titus, of the company of SS. Lucian and Marcian, martyrs of Nicomedia, who were treated at 26 October.

St. Lucian, martyr of Nicomedia, is mentioned today by Rosweyde's Usuardine codex, by an error of one day. For his feast is celebrated by the martyrologists on the day immediately preceding, on which we spoke of him, 26 October.

St. Artemidorus, martyr, is announced today in the Calendar of Hierapolis and in the Florentine Menology, and is joined with St. Nestor, martyr, in the Nani Calendar Cf. Acta SS., volume XI of October, page 261.; a few things were said about him the day before, namely at 26 October.

St. Alorus, bishop of Quimper, is praised on this day by Chastelain in his Universal Martyrology, and after him by the venerable man Petin in the Hagiographical Lexicon, departing by one day from the rest of the sacred calendars: he belongs to the day on which we briefly touched on his deeds, 26 October.

St. Quirinus, martyr, appears on this day in the Milanese calendar prefixed to the Ambrosian Breviary written at the beginning of the year 1465 Giorgi, Martyrologium Adonis, page 719.. This festival is not indicated in the Sitonian Milanese Calendar written about the year 1000; nor in any, so far as I know, older than the fifteenth century. What then? The Milanese since the ninth or eleventh century have venerated the body of St. Quirinus, laid up together with St. Nicomedes the priest in the basilica of St. Vincent; which they say is the body of St. Quirinus, bishop of Siscia in Pannonia and martyr. But the body of that same St. Quirinus was translated to Rome long before and laid in an underground cemetery. Wherefore Papebroch judged Acta SS., volume I of June, page 381. that this body is that of another St. Quirinus. Does that Milanese Calendar then favour this conjecture, an excellent one at any rate? I should not dare to affirm it; for first, in no other Milanese calendar is St. Quirinus inscribed at 27 October; then in all the others, and also in this very one written in the year 1465, the feast of SS. Quirinus and Nicomedes, martyrs, is announced at 4 June; indeed even in the most ancient of all, the Sitonian, there is read In Muratori, Scriptt. rerum Ital., volume II, part II, page 1038.: "Of SS. Quirinus and Nicomedes at St. Vincent's." Whence it is clear that it was even then believed that the body of St. Quirinus which is preserved in St. Vincent's is that of the bishop of Siscia, and that therefore the second feast of St. Quirinus most probably arose from some translation or other solemnity. For the rest, let the commentaries of our predecessors be consulted on St. Quirinus, bishop of Siscia and martyr, at 4 June,

and on St. Nicomedes, priest, at 15 September.

St. Tarsus, Tarreus or Taricus, praised today in many calendars, is the same as St. Thraseas, of whom we shall speak below.

St. Euminus, Cuminus, Eominus, Euminius, Eumenius and Eumenia, who is read today in many lists, is a name fashioned from the word for the city of Eumenia in Phrygia, as will be explained in the Sylloge on St. Thraseas.

St. Metropius, Metrosius and Metrobrius, who appears today in some calendars, is the same as St. Metrobius, illustrated below with St. Thraseas.

St. Gaus, Gagus or Gogus, celebrated today in some copies of the Hieronymian Martyrology, is none other than St. Gaius or Caius, the companion of St. Thraseas, illustrated below.

St. Longus or, a letter having slipped out, Logus, in some Hieronymian lists added to the martyrs of Eumenia in Phrygia, in others separated from them, as may be seen below in the Sylloge on SS. Thraseas and companions, is entirely unknown to us.

St. Marinianus, who occurs on the present day in some Hieronymian calendars, is the same as St. Marianus or Marcianus, Roman martyr; of whom below.

St. Lucian, whom some Hieronymian codices present on this day, is none other than St. Lucius, Roman martyr: of whom it will be spoken in his place.

St. Vivetus or Vietus, a name which is met with in many calendars on this day, seems to be the same as St. Victus, Roman martyr: of whom we shall speak where we speak of St. Marcian.

The feast of St. Sabina, virgin and martyr, with an octave, public supplication and the greatest solemnity, was kept in the seventeenth century in the church of San Pedro de Áger, in the diocese of Lérida, in Catalonia, on the Sunday before the feast of the holy Apostles Simon and Jude; since her body had been carried there many centuries before. In the manuscript books Domenec found nothing about her Historia de los santos de Cataluña, page 194., except that there was recited for her the prayer from the common of virgins, "Indulgentiam nobis, Domine," etc. Whence the Catalan hagiographer concludes that she is different from St. Sabina of Rome, wife of Valentine, who is celebrated in the Roman Church on 29 August. But this argument is altogether uncertain, since formerly even married women and widows were frequently called virgins in liturgical books, and St. Sabina of Rome herself was called a virgin by Bede and Wandelbert; and indeed down to these very times she is so called in some editions of the Roman Missal and Breviary Cf. Acta SS., volume IX of October, page 143.. Domenec similarly contends that this St. Sabina is different from St. Sabina who is venerated today with St. Vincent and Christeta; since the people of Áger celebrated the two Sabinas on different days. Yet the canons of Áger themselves did not doubt that the St. Sabina whose body they possessed was the same as the companion of St. Vincent; as will be explained in the Commentary on St. Vincent and his companions.

The feast of St. Matthew, martyr, is announced today in his Milanese Martyrology by Peter Paul Bosca, archpriest of the church of Monza, who states that this feast is kept in the village of San Giuliano near Cologno, where his body was buried with due honour. And then he adds: "Since there is another village of the same name on the Roman road, we therefore name this one from the neighbourhood of the village of Colonium or Colonia; which village is contained in the parish (plebs) of Segrate. This is established from the records of the parish church of San Giuliano. Since it was formerly subject to the chapter of the illustrious basilica of Modoetia (Monza), it will therefore be mentioned by us in the monuments of that same basilica, which we are pursuing. There, indeed, he is kept in the high altar in a shrine which many silver plates enrich: and his feast-day is devoutly celebrated by the peoples who flock together." Bosca never finished the Monuments of the church of Monza, and when near death he ordered them to be destroyed by fire together with his other books not yet published; but his heirs did not comply with his wish; and those codices came into the possession of the counts Durini Argelati, Bibliotheca scriptt. Mediol., columns 205 and 206.. This, however, escaped Anthony Francis Frisi, canon of Monza, who examined anew all the papers which Bosca had once turned over; and from them compiled and published in the year 1774 the Memorabilia of the church of Monza [Memorie della chiesa Monzese, raccolte e con varie dissertazioni illustrate, Milan, 1774.]. In them, therefore, Frisi treated at some length of the church and land of San Giuliano near Cologno, commonly terra di S. Giuliano presso Cologno, following up its fortunes from the ninth century Ibid., diss. IV, page 121 and following.; but you will search there in vain for the name of St. Matthew, martyr. Ferrarius too was ignorant of this name, both in the General Catalogue of the Saints and in the Catalogue of the saints of Italy. Moreover this name is entirely absent from the liturgical Calendar of Monza for the year 1847. Finally, if the people of Taranto venerate a certain Matthew, martyr, on 6 July, and the Greek and Latin books record another, who suffered under Diocletian, at 23 July, the body of neither seems ever to have come to the town of San Giuliano; nor do we find any other martyr of this name in our codices. Wherefore it occurs to one to think that this body was brought there from the Roman cemeteries and that the name of Matthew was imposed on it, as a common one; namely that by it it may be signified that he was "given." But we have often noted already that we are accustomed to treat this kind of martyrs only among the Passed Over.

St. Florentius, a martyr of the Theban legion, who is said to have been crowned with martyrdom at Thiel (a town of Gelderland lying beside the Waal), or at least to have obtained remarkable cult there, is brought forward at this day by Le Mire, affirming nothing but conjecturing, not knowing where else Tila was situated. It is a learned man's error on Le Mire's part. For we shall show in its place that the fortress of Tila is situated in Burgundy and that today's St. Florentius has nothing in common with the Theban legion.

The feast of St. Florinus in Sardinia is announced today in the Barberini auctarium of Bede: this announcement is fused partly from a corrupted memory of St. Florentius, partly from that of St. Protus, who watered Sardinia with his blood.

St. Florentinus and St. Florentianus are more than once substituted for the SS. Florentius who are listed on this day in the sacred calendars. But what wonder that derived proper names alternate with the primitive ones in hagiographical writings, when the same fault is detected everywhere in historical books Cancellieri, Diss. de S. Orsa etc., page 9.?

St. Florentius, martyr of Tila in Spanish Baetica, brought forward at this day by Tamayo and other Spaniards, is a mere phantasm, sprung from the fabrications of Higuera.

St. Ercus, bishop of Domhnach-mor-Maighe-Luadhat, is announced on this day in the metrical Festilogium of St. Aengus and in the Martyrology of Tallaght; and it is added both in the notes to the Festilogium and in the Martyrology of Donegal: "In the northern part of Ui Faelain." Which people Colgan placed Trias Thaumaturga, page 712. in Ulster; but O'Donovan, versed to a prodigy in the ancient geography of Ireland, in Leinster, in the county of Kildare. "It occupied," says he The book of Rigths, page 206., "the baronies of Clane and Salt, and the greater part of Ikeathy and Oughterany, if not rather the whole. The town of Nas or Naas, and the churches of Claenadh or Clane, of Laithreach Bruin or Laraghbryan near Maynooth, of Domnach mor Muighe Luadhat or Donaghmore, of Cluain Conaire or Cloncurry, and of Fiodh Cuillinn or Feighcullen were within its compass." But this Donaghmore (for there are very many in Ireland) is situated in the neighbouring barony of Ratoath, in the county of East Meath. Colgan therefore erred besides when elsewhere Acta SS. Hiberniae, page 540, number 19. he placed Domnach-mor-Mainech in Munster. Archdall also errs Monasticum Hibernicum, page 687., and following him Carlisle Topogr. dict. of Ireland, under the word Donaghmore., when they fix the see of this St. Ercus at Donaghmore in the other barony of Decies, in the county of Waterford. Since, then, St. Ercus flourished in East Meath, he is easily distinguished from St. Ercus or Mac-Erc Irish kalendar, page 14., bishop of Domnaigh mair Maighe Cobha, as is read at 17 September in the Martyrology of Tallaght, or of Domnach-mor Maighe Damhairne, as is written in that of Donegal edited by the distinguished men Todd and Reeves. For Domnaigh moir Maighe Cobha, according to Matthew Kelly's interpretation and with William Reeves agreeing Ecclesiastical antiquities of Down, Connor and Dromore, pages 111 and 112., is Donaghmore in Upper Iveagh, in the county of Down, in the province of Ulster. Colgan suspected Acta SS. Hib., page 540, number 19., with Archdall Work cited, in the place cited. and Carlisle Work cited, in the place cited. following him, that St. Ercus of Meath was a disciple of St. Senan; but with no foundation. Nor can he be confused with St. Ercus, bishop of Slane in Meath: for the feast-day and the lineage are entirely different Cf. Martyrology of Donegal at 2 November.. Even when most of the memories of the Irish saints had not yet been blotted out, the St. Ercus who is announced today was already doubtful. Certainly Michael O'Clery, who in the year 1630 compiled the Martyrology of Donegal, speaks thus of him Ibid., page 287.: "This may be Ercus, bishop, son of Fergna, son of Folachta, who is of the race of Bresal Breac; from whom the Osraighi descend." But it is better to leave these things to learned Irishmen.

"Airennani Tigh Airennain i Midhe" is read today in the Martyrology of Tallaght, that is, the memory of Airennanus of Tigh or the House of Airennanus in Meath. Whether he is the same as the one who in the Martyrology of Donegal is simply called Ernanus I should not dare to determine; especially because John O'Donovan The four Masters, Annals of the kingdom of Ireland, at the year 877, page 52. says that Airennain is the same name as Airindan and Farannan, into which I have never seen Ernanus turned. Tigh Airennain is now called Tiffernan, Tyfernan or Tyfarnam, in the barony of Corkaree, in the county of West Meath, in Leinster. In the Martyrology of Donegal he is announced at 11 August in these words: "Ereran, of Tigh Ereran, in Meath (Illidia), and abbot of Tallaght after Maelruain"; which are also read in that of Tallaght at that day, where he is called "the wise." Hence his age is known. For Tamhlachta was founded in the year 769 by St. Maelruain Ibid., at the year 769, page 373., who died in the year 787 Ibid., at the year 787, page 393.. Then came St. Farannan, who made way for Eochaid, who departed this life in the year 812 Ibid., at the year 807, page 419.. Since St. Farannan communicated his name formerly to a monastery, now to the parish of Tiffernan, there is scarcely or not even scarcely any doubt that he was honoured there with ecclesiastical cult; yet, since his name is absent from the annals of the Four Masters, in which other abbots of Tallaght are listed, it seems sufficient to have mentioned him in the Passed Over.

Ernanus, without any other designation, and Moaba, son of Ernanus, of the race of Conall Gulban, son of Niall, are announced today in the Martyrology of Donegal. From Conall Gulban descended the Cinel-Conaill, that is, the O'Donnells and their kinsmen; whose seat was in Tirconnell or the county of Donegal, in Ulster Ibid., at the year 464, page 146.. Moaba seems therefore to have lived in those parts also. Moaba seems to be omitted by the other martyrologists; perhaps remembered at this day on account of the St. Ernanus placed before him: which name his father also bore.

The Martyrology of Donegal today recalls the memory of the seven sons of Stiallan of Rath-mac-Stiallain in Ardghal. They do not seem to have been honoured with ecclesiastical cult.

Augustine of Bangor is praised on this day in the Martyrology of Tallaght, and is related by the Four Masters in the Annals of Ireland to have died in the year 775 Ibid., at the year 775, page 381.. William Reeves inscribed his name Ecclesiastical antiquities of Down, Connor and Dromore, page 380. in the Calendar of Down, Connor and Dromore, which he collected from every source with the greatest diligence; in which he also adorned him with the title of saint, not doubting that he was honoured with ecclesiastical cult. But we find nothing about his deeds.

The memory of Rectinia, virgin, is recalled on this day in the Martyrology of Donegal. We desire to be taught more about her.

St. Tudwen, virgin, venerated in the chapel of the parish of Llandudwen in North Wales, we mentioned among the Passed Over at 21 October, and referred her to the present day, in case we should perhaps find something more. But this expectation of ours was vain. Rice Rees, who inquired expressly into the lives of the Welsh saints, recorded nothing but the name of St. Tudwen An Essay on the Welsh Saints, page 309..

The commemoration of all the holy monks and nuns of the convent of Barking in England is celebrated today in the Menologies of Bucelin, Herrera, Cherle and Lechner. But these things do not have the form of ecclesiastical cult.

Ratho, bishop of Strasbourg, who departed this life in the year 815, is counted among the saints on this day by Robert Schindele in the Supplement of Gabriel Bucelin's Benedictine Menology, following the authority of Bucelin himself Germania sacra, part II, page 296.. Not rightly: for Grandidier shows Histoire de l'Église de Strasbourg, volume I, page 318. that he is without cult, since he is venerated neither at Strasbourg, nor at Münster, nor at Haslach; where, however, he would have had to be venerated before all.

Bl. Werdinus, abbot of Otranto, is praised on this day for piety and the prophetic spirit by Wion, Ménard, Bucelin, Herrera, Cherle and Lechner in their Benedictine Menologies, and likewise by the venerable man Petin, calling him Saint Guerdin, in the Hagiographical Lexicon; they followed the Mercurius Gallo-Belgicus of Jansonius of Doccum for the year 1594. At the end, namely, of the sixteenth century Paul, abbot of Cosenza, sent to the prince of Bisignano a letter which John of Doccum communicated to the public, and in which he had written that in repairing the abbey church he had found a singular tomb, with this inscription: "When the holy city with the splendour of the star, the sun shall see me again. This is the body of Werdinus, abbot of Otranto, buried on the sixth day before the Kalends of November in the year 1279 * from the Virgin's childbearing"; and within, a prophecy, which concerns the perils of Italy, France, Germany and Holland in the sixteenth century, and which the reader can see in Wion. This whole affair, even the finding of the body, certainly the inscription and the prophecy, seems to me fabricated. Nevertheless the abbot Werdinus, if he ever existed in the nature of things, never anywhere obtained ecclesiastical cult.

Peter Bersuire, monk and prior of Saint-Éloi at Paris, is greatly extolled today for veneration and love of the Mother of God by Schindele in his Supplement. He never began to be ennobled with ecclesiastical honours.

Boil, from a monk of Montserrat the first patriarch of America and pontifical legate, who died about the year 1509, is praised today by Schindele in the Supplement of Bucelin's Martyrology. He never had ecclesiastical cult.

Bl. Menfred or Mefred, prior of Eberbach in the diocese of Mainz, is praised on this day for piety, prudence and the gift of prophecy by Henriquez in the Cistercian Menology and by those who in the year 1689 published the Martyrology of Usuard enlarged under the title of the Cistercian Calendar; and after them by Bucelin, Herrera, Cherle and Lechner in the Benedictine Menologies. All of these were preceded by the man who in the year 1617 brought to light at Dijon the Calendar of the sacred Cistercian Order, listing venerable men equally with saints and blessed. But Jongelinus Notitiae abbatiarum Ord. cist., book II, page 42., the Maurists Gallia christiana, volume V, column 654. and De Visch, monk of Les Dunes, who lived for some time at Eberbach and collected and arranged its antiquities Varia curiosa, volume I, page 305 and following, MS. of the seminary of Bruges., in the notices of this monastery which they gave to the public, have nothing about Bl. Menfred, prior of Eberbach, much less do they relate that he was honoured with ecclesiastical cult. Nor does that excellent man seem to be known from anywhere else than from the letter which he wrote to St. Hildegard Biblioth. max. Lugdun., volume XXIII, page 578., and from the Exordium magnum Cisterciense [Dist. V, chapter 17, in Tissier, Biblioth. PP. Cisterc., volume I, page 213 and following.]. He was omitted in the Catalogue of the saints and blessed and servants of God of the Cistercian Order which Sigismund Albert published at Mondovì in the year 1712, and long before in the review of the saints, blessed and venerable men of the Cistercian Order which Le Mire inserted in his book On Monastic Origins. On the other hand Lechner received him into his Benedictine Martyrology, which he brought to light in German in the year 1855.

Armand-Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé, the most celebrated founder of the congregation of La Trappe, is announced today in the Benedictine Menology of Donauwörth and in the similar work of Lechner, since on 27 October of the year 1700 he flew away to heaven. The venerable man Petin in the Hagiographical Lexicon wrongly places his death on the day before. There was never any thought of decreeing to him the honours of the heavenly ones.

The venerable Catherine, nun at Parc-aux-Dames of Senlis, is celebrated today in smaller characters in the Cistercian Calendar or Martyrology published in the year 1689. No traces of ecclesiastical cult remain.

Helen of the Cross or Henriquez, who about the year 1500 fell asleep most holily in the Lord in the Salamanca monastery of St. Mary of the same order;

Joan de Cespedez, a pupil of the same order in the monastery of the Holy Spirit in the city of Alcaraz, who died about the year 1590;

Diego Wolfe, priest of the same order, whom the Puritans killed out of hatred of the faith in the year 1651 in Ireland, a fertile arena of holy martyrs, and whom the general chapter of the order in the year 1656 praised highly Cf. de Burgo, Hibernia Dominicana, page 568.;

Michael Francez, who filled the convent of Zaragoza with the odour of his virtues and the fame of his miracles and in the year 1629 withdrew to another life; and

Lawrence de Eguia Otazu, who illustrated the third order of St. Dominic at Lima in America and on 27 October of the year 1618 departed to receive the heavenly reward: all these Emmanuel de Lima praises on this day in the Dominican Hagiology, yet in such a way that he clearly indicates that ecclesiastical cult was never granted to them.

Fr. Rolandinus of Florence, pupil of the Order of Friars Minor, to whom, while praying on Monte Ilcio in the custody of Chiusi, the sure salvation of his soul was revealed, is praised on this day by Arthur and Huber in the Franciscan Menologies; where he is also distinguished by Arthur with the title of blessed. These were followed by Maurice Francesconi Firenze sacra, page 126., Charles Guy Forti Catalogus agiologicus Etruscus, page 40. and Louis Santoni Guida sacra Fiorentina, page 107., who celebrate him also on the present day in the Florentine calendars. They had been preceded in ascribing to him the title of sanctity by Gonzaga De origine Seraphicae religionis, page 99. and Wadding Annales Minorum, at 1241, number 11., and others; but that title of blessed is found granted in some books with so liberal a hand that it by no means suffices to assert ecclesiastical or public cult, but only private; unless other supports come from elsewhere, for example the memory of singular miracles, visits to the tomb, rays painted round the head and other things of this kind. But nothing similar is found in the case of Rolandinus. He is said to have flourished about the year 1241. But where he lived, where he died, where he obtained burial, seems to be unknown. And although Brocchi Vite de' santi e beati Fiorentini, volume I, page 581. lists him among the number of those who are painted with rays in the diocese of Florence, he nevertheless indicates in no word that this began to be done a hundred years before the decrees of Urban VIII. Wherefore I would rather imitate the sobriety of Huber, who in his Franciscan Menology abstained from calling Rolandinus blessed, in order to comply with the Urban decrees.

Jerome Steve, of the Order of Friars Minor, who fell asleep peacefully in the Lord at Valencia in Spain in the year 1358, is called blessed today by Arthur in the Menology; Wadding praises the same man in the Annals of the Minors at the year 1358, number 11, yet without calling him blessed. Rightly, since he was never publicly venerated.

Catherine, daughter of Valens of Amatrice, in the land of the Abruzzi, who died piously in the Lord about the year 1480 in the monastery of St. Lucy at Foligno, is adorned on this day by Arthur in the Franciscan Menology and the Gynecaeum with the title of blessed; on the other hand Wadding in the Annals of the Minors At the year 1480, number 8., Huber in the Menology and Jacobilli in the Lives of the Saints of Umbria Vite de SS. dell' Umbria, volume II, pages 7 and 8. abstain from it. This observance of the decrees of Pope Urban VIII is pleasing.

Francis Nanni Sansone, minister general of the Order of Friars Minor, who by disputing for the immaculate conception of the Blessed Mary acquired so great a fame, and who died at Florence in Tuscany on 27 October in the year 1499, is praised today by Huber in the Franciscan Menology: but without the praise of blessed: and rightly, since he was never publicly venerated.

John of Wehrenberg, confessor at Wermeburg in Saxony and pupil of the Order of Friars Minor, is celebrated today by the menologists of the Franciscan Order, some with the title of blessed, others without it. But he seems never to have been publicly venerated, or at any rate he does not continue to be venerated.

Dionysius, of the Order of Minors, whom some call a priest, others a lay brother, cruelly slaughtered by the Cumaná Indians in the year 1519, is adorned today by Arthur in the Menology with the praises of blessed and martyr; but not very consistently with the Urban decrees.

Fr. Bonaventure of Malta, who in the year 1540 was buried at Giuliana in Sicily, in the convent of St. Anne, is decorated today, openly against the Urban decrees, with the title of blessed by Arthur in his Franciscan Menology; from whom Huber laudably departed, and so shall we.

Adrian of Gouda, porter of the convent of the Minors at Alkmaar, killed by the Gueux about the year 1572 out of hatred of sincere piety;

Peter of Bosna Argentina, done to death at Orsova in Serbia in the year 1692 by the squalor of a Turkish prison; and

Anthony Poupon, reformer in France of the third order of St. Francis, who died a religious death near Paris in the year 1620,

are celebrated on this day by Huber in the Franciscan Menology, who abstains from the title of blessed.

The martyrdom of an anonymous parish priest who, because at Varae in the diocese of Strasbourg he had rebuked his parishioners for going to taverns on fast days, was killed by one of them, is announced today by Chastelain in his Universal Martyrology, more for the sake of the example than on account of ecclesiastical cult. He commemorates in the same place the martyrdom of a certain consul of the district of Gévaudan, whom the Calvinists killed on this day in the year 1702 because he would not admit the Protestant doctrines. But in that year innumerable others, both churchmen and laymen, even women, were slain for the faith in the district of Gévaudan.

The memory of St. Nina, whose ministry God used for the conversion of the Iberian nation, is renewed today from Rufinus in the Menaea of the Greeks and in the Moscow Prologue, not as though her festival were kept on the present day, but so that the conversion of the Iberian nation may be remembered. The Iberians venerate her on 14 January: at which day Martinov, in the Slavonic Ecclesiastical Year Acta SS., volume XI of October, page 43., diligently drew together what Rufinus, Moses of Chorene, an Iberian biographer and Wakhusht have handed down about her.

Joan Dedemaecker, who died at Aalst on 27 October in the year 1631 with the praise of outstanding piety and pre-eminent charity, it pleases us to celebrate, so far as the narrow limits of this place allow. She was born on 22 February of the year 1600 at Angia, commonly Enghien; which little town was then of the diocese of Cambrai, but is now of that of Tournai in Belgium. From childhood she was distinguished for piety towards God, charity towards the poor and chastity of life. But, in order to follow more closely in the footsteps of Christ, she asked and obtained in the year 1616 to be associated with the Beguines of Aalst. After her novitiate, then, had been duly completed, about the feast of St. Martin of Tours, in the month of November, she made profession of the new life. From this time especially she turned over in her mind day and night the deeds of Christ the Lord and above all his sufferings: learning thence to imitate his temperance, lowliness of mind, obedience, zeal for souls and love for the Blessed Virgin Mary. At times her companions wondered to see Joan, while in full health, abstain from all food except the Eucharistic for fourteen or fifteen days, as also to bear the wounds of Christ manifestly in her body. At length, while she was serving another Beguine stricken with the plague, she too contracted the infection; and, carried off by it on the said day, she flew away to heaven, deservedly to be reckoned among the martyrs of charity. God made her sanctity known to all by many and illustrious miracles [Het seldtsaem ende wonderbaer leven van Joanna Dedemaecker, begyntjen in 't Begynhof van Aelst, door Franciscus Van Schonenberg.].

The memory of St. Nestor, the Russian annalist and monk of the Caves, is made today by John Martinov in the Slavonic Ecclesiastical Year Acta SS., volume XI of October, page 261., following the Moscow Calendar, the Menology and Versinsky. He seems to have been a Catholic man and is honoured with ecclesiastical cult; so that he rightly claims a place for himself in our work. Which would certainly have been given him, had not the said Martinov been hindered, by his writing of the acts of Bl. Josaphat the martyr, who is shortly to be placed among the saints, from composing (as he had proposed to himself) a commentary on St. Nestor, which would certainly have been learned and worthy of his erudite style. It remains, therefore, that the reader be content with the brief Life which is inserted in that Ecclesiastical Year at this day.

Anthony the Younger of the Peloponnese, wonder-worker, is announced today in the Medicean Menaea, as may be seen in the Slavonic Year. Let others be willing to teach us his deeds, and above all whether he was a Catholic.

The finding of the body of Andrew, prince of Smolensk, is remembered today from the Moscow Calendar in the Slavonic Ecclesiastical Year of our Martinov. What has been ascertained about him the reader will find in the Slavonic Memoirs, which are part of that Ecclesiastical Year.

The memory of Demetrius of Bessarabia is recalled today with the praise of martyrdom in the Calendar of the Wallachians Martinov, Annus Eccles. Slavicus, in Acta SS., volume XI of October, page 261.. Because he was not certainly a Catholic, Martinov would call him neither saint nor blessed. From that, therefore, we too must abstain.

Procla or Procula, wife of Pilate, who Origen [Opera omnia, volume III, column 1774; Series veteris interpretationis commentariorum, number 122; in Migne, Patrologia Graeca, volume XIII.] and St. John Chrysostom [Homily 86, otherwise 87, on Matthew, volume VII, column 764; in Migne, Patrologia Graeca, volume LIX.] suppose gave her name to the Christian religion, is inscribed in the catalogue of the saints at this day by some Greeks and Slavs, as our Martinov has shown from the Menaea of the Greeks and other calendars [In the Acta Sanctorum, volume XI of October, Graeco-Slavonic Ecclesiastical Year, page 261.]. But since the Greeks are far too fond of singular names, and have thrust into their calendars a huge crowd of men and women who are read of in the books of the Old and New Testament, our predecessors long ago laid down for themselves this law, that they would not speak in the Acts, outside the Passed Over, of the biblical men and women who are celebrated by the Easterners, unless at the same time their feast was kept somewhere by the Latins. But since we know that this lot has nowhere befallen the wife of Pilate among the Westerners, we are content to mention her in this place.

St. Rictrude, abbess of Marchiennes in Belgium, St. Eusebia, her daughter and abbess of Hamage near Douai, and St. Gertrude, grandmother of the husband of St. Rictrude and of the father of St. Eusebia, and first abbess of the convent of Hamage, are commemorated today in the auctaria of Bede and Usuard, in the Gallican Martyrology of du Saussay, in some Benedictine ones and in Arthur's Gynecaeum. But for the most part St. Rictrude appears alone, sometimes, however, with St. Eusebia; so that it is doubtful whether St. Gertrude, who is read in the Florentine and Medicean codices of Usuard, occupies by error the place of St. Rictrude. St. Rictrude is in some places called a virgin, since all women, even widows, who were venerated with ecclesiastical offices were reckoned virgins Acta SS., volume IX of October, page 143.. Today, however, memory is made of the elevation of the body of SS. Eusebia and Rictrude, in place of whom du Saussay said Gertrude: of which translation it will be spoken in the Acts of St. Eusebia. Further, St. Rictrude has been treated in our work at the day on which her feast is celebrated, 12 May;

of St. Eusebia it will be spoken at 18 November;

and of St. Gertrude at 6 December.

St. Cyrilla, Roman virgin and martyr, who is said to be the daughter of the Emperor Decius and of St. Tryphonia, is announced today in the Ottoboni Martyrology edited by Giorgi, and in a few other calendars. It strays by one day; for she belongs to 28 October.

The feast of St. Suffrasianus at Carthage is celebrated today by Greven in his Usuard; who took this name from a Hieronymian codex from the next day, at which we shall show that the true form is Sophronianus, 28 October.

SS. Clodius, Saterius and Neverius, who are commemorated today after the announcement of St. Capitolina and her handmaid in the calendar of the Armenian Menology in Assemani Bibl. Orient., volume III, page 653., with their names deformed after the editor's custom, are the same Clodius, Asterius and Neon Cf. Aucher, Vitae Sanctorum Calend. Armeni, volume XII, page 236. whom we shall have to treat with the Greeks at 29 October.

St. Abraham, uncle of St. Mary the Penitent, is commemorated on this day by Chastelain in the Universal Martyrology. Of him it will be spoken at the day on which he is inscribed in the sacred calendars of the Easterners, 29 October.

St. Colman, also called Macduach, bishop of Kilmacduagh in Ireland, was to be illustrated in our work on 3 February. But because at that time the people of Kilmacduagh had transferred his feast to the present day, on which St. Colman of Senboth is venerated, it seemed to our predecessors that he should be referred to 27 October. But since today the vigil of the holy apostles Simon and Jude is kept, which is little suited to the feast of the diocesan patron, the Roman Sacred Congregation of Rites, asked in the year 1747 by the Irish clergy for leave to recite the offices of several national saints, appointed the feast of St. Colman mac-Duach for 29 October. Since on that day the feast of St. Colman is now kept most solemnly at Kilmacduagh too, we shall more opportunely speak of him at 29 October.

St. Aidus, son of Aidus, was mentioned in the Passed Over at 31 August, and likewise St. Aidan of Cluain-Eocuille at 9 October; but both were referred to 27 October, so that at that day they might be treated on the occasion of St. Colman, also called Macduach. Since we have put off his Acts to 29 October, it remains that we also speak of SS. Aidus and Aidan at that day, 29 October.

The memory of St. Eadsige or Eadsin, archbishop of Canterbury, was celebrated at this day by Wilson in his English Martyrology, and following his example by Lingard in the Roman ecclesiastical Calendar which Harris Nicolas inserted in his Chronology of History; but Ferrarius and Challoner put off his feast to the day on which he is said to have died, 31 October.

The Life of St. Florentius, confessor, who in the year 678 ascended the see of Strasbourg and on 7 November of the year 693 ended his blessed life by a most holy life, and whose bones were most solemnly visited on 26 October of the year 1143, and more than two centuries before on 7 November, a Life divided into nine lessons, Charles Descars, bishop of Langres, had substituted for the lessons on St. Florentius, martyr of Tyle. But the two saints are entirely different; and indeed St. Florentius, bishop of Strasbourg, has always been celebrated on the day at which we shall speak of him, 7 November.

The feast of Bl. Margaret of Savoy, Dominican virgin, who died on 23 November of the year 1464 [Gallizia di Giaveno, Atti de' santi de' dominj della casa di Savoya, volume V, page 283.], is announced today by Maurice Francesconi in Firenze sacra, by an error of a whole month; for the Sacred Congregation of Rites fixed her feast on the day at which she will be spoken of in our work, 27 November.

St. Tetta, abbess of Wimborne in England, who flourished about the middle of the eighth century, is celebrated today in their Benedictine Menologies by Bucelin, Herrera, Cherle, Lechner and others. Challoner praised the same woman in his Memorial of British piety at 12 August; but her feast was kept, as is rightly taught by Alford, who is also Griffith, by Chastelain, Petin and others, on the day at which she will be spoken of in this our work, 17 December.

Annotata

* otherwise 778