THE TWENTY-THIRD DAY.

SAINTS WHO ARE VENERATED ON THE TENTH DAY BEFORE THE KALENDS OF NOVEMBER.

St. Theodota, virgin and martyr at Nicaea in Bithynia.

St. Socrates, presbyter and martyr at Ancyra in Galatia.

St. Gratian, martyr in the territory of Amiens.

St. Severus, M. at Adrianople.

St. Dorotheus, M. at Adrianople.

St. Seurisius, M. at Caesarea in Cappadocia.

St. Servandus, M. near Cádiz in Spain.

St. Germanus, M. near Cádiz in Spain.

St. Theodoret, presbyter and martyr at Antioch in Syria.

St. Verus, bishop and confessor at Salerno.

St. Amon, bishop at Toul in Gaul.

St. Severinus, bishop of Cologne.

St. Severinus, bishop of Bordeaux.

St. John, bishop and confessor at Syracuse.

St. Edicius, bishop and confessor at Vienne in Gaul.

St. Romanus, bishop and confessor at Rouen.

St. Syra, virgin, at Meaux and Châlons in Gaul.

St. Octavian or Octarianus, bishop and confessor at Como in Lombardy.

St. Luglius, M. in Picardy.

St. Luglianus, M. in Picardy.

St. Leothadius, bishop and confessor at Auch.

St. Oda, widow.

St. Pompeius, presbyter and confessor at Amay in the diocese of Liège.

St. Domitius, confessor in the territory of Amiens.

St. Benedict, presbyter and confessor in the dioceses of Poitiers and Luçon.

St. Ignatius, patriarch of Constantinople.

Bl. Herifrid, bishop and confessor at Auxerre.

St. Elfleda, widow at Glastonbury.

St. Rumon, bishop and confessor at Tavistock in England.

St. Allucius, confessor at Pescia in Tuscany.

St. Bertrand, confessor, abbot of Grandselve in Occitania.

St. John of Capistrano, confessor of the Order of Friars Minor, at Villack in Pannonia.

Bl. Juliana of Busto, virgin in Lombardy.

APPENDIX.

About St. Macarius the Roman, who is said to have been found near Paradise and was once venerated by the Greeks.

PASSED OVER AND REFERRED TO OTHER DAYS.

At Tongerlo, on the altar of St. Sebastian, the reposition of the relics of Bl. Godfrey, count of Cappenberg and Premonstratensian canon, is announced today in the manuscript supplement to the Premonstratensian Menologium. This translation of the relics was made in the year 1617. Our predecessors treated of this most holy man at 13 January.

Of St. Suranus, abbot and martyr, whom Blessed Gregory mentions in the books of the Dialogues. So in the Benedictine Calendar which in our work is usually called that of St. Saviour's at Antwerp. St. Suranus was dealt with in our work at 24 January.

The memory of St. Modocus, bishop and Culdee in Scotland, Ferrarius makes on this day, relying on an imaginary Scottish Calendar. In the commentary entitled The Foundation of the church of Lochleven, which was afterwards given [is] to the priory of St. Andrews, there is read, after the donation made by Maldinus, bishop of St. Andrews [In Pinkerton, an enquiry into the history of Scotland, volume I, page 469, edition of 1814.]: Modoch, son of Malmikil, a man of most pious memory, bishop of St. Andrews, by whose life and doctrine the whole region of the Scots was illuminated, bestowed on them Karkindoc. A certain Maldinus was bishop from the year 1034 to 1061, and he must have been older than that Modocus, son of Malmikil. And indeed no Modoch is found among the bishops who occupied the see of St. Andrews before the 12th century Ibid., volume II, page 268 and following.. Further, the bishop named Modocus, son of Malmikil, who lived after the beginning of the 12th century, is not listed among the saints. Among the companions of the fabulous St. Amphibalus, moreover, there is also counted a certain St. Modocus, whom they surname Priscus; and from whom Dempster hammered out two others Britannicarum ecclesiarum antiquitates, page 339, edition of 1687.. But that St. Modocus, since he is also celebrated by the Scots on the day before the Kalends of February, is to be held the same as St. Aidan, who is also Modocus, bishop of Ferns in Ireland: of whom nothing more needs to be said by us, since our predecessors abundantly illustrated his deeds at 31 January.

The memory of St. Severus, who is venerated with singular veneration at Montefalco, a town of Umbria, Ferrarius makes today in the General Catalogue and in the Catalogue of the saints of Italy, and from him the writer of the Italian Hagiologium. Bolland spoke of him in the Addenda on the day on which his heavenly birthday is kept at Montefalco, 1 February.

At Elnone, the restitution of the body of St. Amand, bishop and confessor, is celebrated on this day in some Hieronymian and Usuardine Auctaria; likewise by Saussay and in some old Calendars. It was dealt with in our work on the day on which St. Amand is chiefly venerated, 6 February.

At Barcelona the feast of the translation of St. Eulalia, virgin, from the basilica of Santa María del Mar (de Arenis) to the cathedral church, Tamayo celebrates on this day in the Spanish Menologium, and similarly Ferrarius in the General Catalogue and Arthur in the Gynecaeum. Our predecessors, with the Roman Martyrology, dealt with St. Eulalia of Barcelona and the translations of her body on 12 February.

The feast of the translation of Bl. Catherine de' Ricci is ordered to be celebrated today in the proper Offices of the Saints of Tuscany. Of this saint it will one day be dealt with in the supplement of February at 13 February.

At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the memory of St. Longinus, martyr, occurs on this day in most of the Hieronymian codices, in some Auctaria of Bede, or Florus, and of Usuard, and in several Calendars, as will be sufficiently seen below on the present day in the Sylloge on Sts. Severus and Dorotheus, martyrs of Adrianople, and in the other on St. Seuresius, martyr of Caesarea in Cappadocia. For the name of St. Longinus is joined here and there to one or other memory. But it also occurs separately, as in the Martyrology of Murbach Martène, Thesaurus anecdotorum, volume III, column 1570., and in the Brussels and Greven Auctaria of Usuard, where almost the bare name is read; and in the Barberini and Tournai Auctaria of Bede, or Florus Acts of the Saints, volume II of March, p. XXXV.: On the same day, at Caesarea in Cappadocia, the heavenly birthday of Longinus. And in the Ottoboni Martyrology In Giorgi, Martyrologium Adonis, page 686.: At Caesarea in Cappadocia, of Longinus and many others. Finally, to pass over others, Rabanus at 24 October In Basnage, Thesaurus of Canisius, volume II, part II, page 345.: At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the heavenly birthday of Longinus; which words, with the word heavenly birthday omitted, Notker repeated at the same day Ibid., part III, page 183., adding: Of whom afterwards; namely at 22 November, on which day Rabanus also spoke more fully of St. Longinus, and many others. And from that promise of Notker, although the part of his Martyrology in which, with Rabanus, he celebrated St. Longinus more copiously at 22 November has not yet been discovered, we nevertheless understand that the Longinus who is announced on the present day or on the morrow by Rabanus and Notker (whom in this month we see continually going now ahead of the others, now behind) is the same as the soldier who pierced with a lance the breast of the Lord hanging on the cross. Fiorentini Martyrologium S. Hieronymi, page 931., who was persuaded that the centurion who went before the rest in confessing Christ was the same as the soldier who opened the side of Christ, wrote that the Longinus celebrated on this day is that centurion, venerated in the middle of the month of March by the Latins and in the middle of the month of October by the Greeks; and so he judged that his name should be removed from this day. But wrongly. For two Longinuses are to be distinguished: the one the centurion, who is also Primianus, a confessor of Christ, honoured by the Greeks on 16 October, and on the present day in the Hieronymian and other Fasti; the other the soldier, or the wounder of Christ, who is celebrated on 15 March in the Roman Martyrology. Of both together our predecessors spoke at 15 March.

In Cornwall, the commemoration of St. Columba, virgin and martyr: so on this day the anonymous writer of the British Martyrology A memorial of ancient British piety or a British Martyrology, London, 1761.. This blessed virgin gave her name to two towns of Cornwall, the one called St Columb Major, the other St Columb Minor See Carlisle, Topographical Dictionary of England, under St Colomb.. Camden handled the Life of this saint, and recorded her both in his greater work Britannia, Gough's edition, volume I, page 6. and above all in the Letters Epistle I, 91.. Edmund Gibson points out that it was translated from the vulgar Cornish idiom into Latin In the third edition which he prepared of Camden's Britannia, volume I, page 22.. This Life we would have given on this day, if we had been able to obtain it from anywhere; but we lack it no less than our predecessor Henschen, who could only rescue the memory of that virgin from oblivion on the day on which she was formerly venerated, 16 March.

At Syracuse, of St. Zosimus, bishop and confessor. So Bucelin in the Benedictine Menologium on this day; where he also goes on to set out more fully the deeds of the blessed man. Of this holy prelate, who flourished in the middle of the 7th century, our predecessors made a treatise on the day on which he is inscribed in the Roman Martyrology, 30 March.

The martyrdom of St. Timon, one of the seventy disciples and of the seven deacons, whom the apostles afterwards ordained bishop of western Bassora; where, having baptized very many Greeks and Jews, he fell a martyr. So on this day Michael, bishop of Atrib and Meliga, in the Synaxarion or Martyrology of the Alexandrian church of the Copts In Mai, Scriptorum veterum nova collectio, volume IV, part II, page 98.. He is likewise recorded on this day in the Ethiopic Calendar published by Ludolf Ad Historiam Aethiopicam commentarius, page 395.. Of this saint our predecessors spoke on the day on which he is venerated by the Latins, 19 April.

The feast of the translation of St. Peter of Rates, archbishop of Braga and martyr, is indicated on this day in the Portuguese Codex containing the proper offices which are recited in the whole dominion of His Most Faithful Majesty; in which you also have proper lessons on this translation. Of that saint and of his translation our predecessors treated in the appendix at 26 April.

St. James, apostle, brother of the Lord, bishop of Jerusalem and martyr, is celebrated on this day in the Menologia of Basil and Sirleto, in the Greek Ephemerides in prose and in verse, in the Slavonic Tables of Capponi, Possevino and Papebroch, in the Greek and Coptic Eclogadia, and in many other monuments of the Eastern church, which Godfrey Henschen will give for the greater part Acts of the Saints, volume I of May, page 24. on the day on which he spoke of him in our work, 1 May.

The memory of St. Boethius, or Severinus, is celebrated today in the Martyrology of Maurolico, in the German Martyrology of Walasser, called that of Canisius, in Wion's Lignum Vitae, in the General Catalogue of Ferrarius, in his catalogue of the Saints of Italy, and also in the Italian Hagiologium, which is taken from it. Indeed, also in the Martyrology of Usuard published with Auctaria at London at the beginning of the 16th century in the English idiom, the praises of St. Boethius are reported on this day. This is Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus Boethius, consular and outstanding philosopher; whose heavenly birthday was formerly held solemn in the church of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro (in Caelo aureo) at Pavia, or Ticinum, and whose relics are still venerated there in the cathedral church. His deeds have been explained at length in the more recent editions of his works; and recently the Rev. M. Bosisio, provost of the chapter of Pavia and parish priest of the cathedral church, wrote diligently on some particular matters concerning him [Memoria intorno al luogo del supplizio di Severino Boezio con un appendice intorno alla di lui santita, Pavia, 1855.]. He shows clearly that he was held in custody close to the baptistery of the cathedral church; and that he was put to death in the field formerly called Calventianus, situated near the precinct of the suburban monastery of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro; where he obtained burial, until in the year 1799 his bones were translated into the cathedral church of Pavia. No less happily did Bosisio demonstrate that Boethius was truly catholic, that he can by no means be called a rebel, and that he is rightly and deservedly held a martyr by the most excellent writers, and under that title is venerated with ecclesiastical honours. But it is not permitted us to pursue these and many other things, since Papebroch, our predecessor, in illustrating the deeds of St. John, Pope I, spoke at the same time of the deeds and cultus of St. Boethius and of his father-in-law Symmachus, at 27 May.

At Vicenza, of Blessed Bartholomew of Braganza, bishop and confessor, of the order of St. Dominic, set over first the church of Nimocium (Nimociensis), then that of Vicenza, and moreover most acceptable to Gregory IX, whose counsellor he was, and to other supreme pontiffs, and also to Louis, king of France, for his eminent holiness and his labours for spreading the catholic religion. So the Martyrology of the Sacred Order of Friars Preachers, or the supplement to the Roman Martyrology for their use, published at Rome in the year 1845 and at Mechelen the following year. This we note because not long ago the cultus of that blessed man was approved by apostolic authority and extended to the whole order, as is manifest from that very announcement. But of Bl. Bartholomew of Vicenza it was spoken long ago in our work on the day on which they will have it that he died, 1 July.

Bl. Angela of Arena, who is said to be the daughter of a Bohemian king and a Carmelite virgin, appears today in the Carmelite Menologium which is called Acies bene ordinata. Our predecessors dealt with her at length, doubting whether she ever existed in the nature of things, on 6 July.

At Lodi (Laus Pompeia), the translation of St. Gualterius, confessor. Our Sollerius discoursed of this saint on the day on which he died, 22 July.

Sts. Maximilian, Jamblichus, Martinian, Dionysius, John, Constantine and Antoninus, martyrs of Ephesus, commonly called the Seven Sleepers, or the Boys of the cave, are praised on this day by the Menologium of Basil and by the Arabic Synaxarion or Eclogadion of the Melkites, reviewed by Cardinal Angelo Mai Scriptorum veterum nova collectio, volume IV, part II, page 48.; while most Greeks do so on the day before: in our work they were spoken of on the day on which they are chiefly honoured among the Latins, 27 July.

The feast of Sts. Dorotheus and Gorgonius, chamberlains of the emperor Diocletian, is indicated today in the Breviaries of Orléans printed in the years 1701 and 1771. Of these saints, whose martyrdom Eusebius and Rufinus praised, and whose bodies, first translated to Rome, are then said to have been placed in the church of Orléans beside the reliquary of St. Mamertus, it was dealt with in our work on 9 September.

That St. Lugdelinus, bishop of Toul, is venerated on this day, Ferrarius affirms in the notes in the General Catalogue of the saints; but he errs. St. Leudinus, who is also called Bodo (for this is certainly the one Ferrarius means), is not venerated on this day, but on the day on which our predecessors spoke of him, 11 September.

The Translation, it is read on this day in the Lübeck-Cologne and Greven Auctaria of Usuard, of blessed Maternus, first archbishop and confessor of Cologne, third of Trier and also first of Tongres. Whose body, to avoid an uprising of the peoples of these three churches, had by mature counsel been set out at Cologne on a boat; and behold, that ship, placed in the middle of the Rhine without a human pilot, driven by heavenly oarage, went up against the course of the water toward Trier. Of these things too Canisius, or rather Walasser, Ferrarius and Saussay spoke on this day; but these have already been examined in our work and purged of fables at 14 September.

The translation of St. Januarius, bishop and martyr, to be kept by the people of Benevento, Ferrarius indicates on this day. Of him it was dealt with more than enough in our work on 19 September.

The names of Sts. Cosmas and Damian are read on the present day in the calendar of Murbach which Martène published Thesaurus Anecdotorum, volume III, column 1570.. That the same recur in the sacred Fasti on many other days of the year was said at 17 October among those Passed Over; since very many translations of the relics of these same martyrs were made, and a great number of churches under their patronage were dedicated. But it does not seem that we should dwell on these things longer, since Stilting discussed these saints in our work with much accuracy on 27 September.

In Northumberland, the commemoration of St. Ywius, deacon and disciple of St. Cuthbert, the writer of the Memorial of British piety A memorial of british piety, page 148. announces on this day as if from Heribert Rosweyde, the father of the Bollandist Acts. But Rosweyde Fasti sanctorum quorum vitae in Belgicis bibliothecis manuscriptae, page 64. did not report the commemoration of St. Ywius at 23 October, but at the day on which our predecessors spoke of him, 6 October.

The heavenly birthday of Venantius, abbot, of whom it is written that while still placed on earth he recognized that the solemnities of masses were being consummated in heaven; and when once at mass the Lord's Prayer was being sung, he heard someone from a tomb answering the priest: but deliver us from evil. This Notker consigns to this day In Basnage, Thesaurus of Canisius, volume II, part III, page 183., and before him, with a much fuller eulogy also, Rabanus Ibid., part II, page 344.. But Dom Anselm Berthod has already spoken of him in our work at 13 October.

St. Cleridonia, virgin, venerated at Subiaco, Chastelain celebrates today. It has been spoken of her in our work on the day on which she is truly venerated, 13 October.

The virtues of St. Desiderius, abbot in the diocese of Bourges, are praised on this day by the anonymous monk of Donauwörth in the ecclesiastical Calendar of the order of St. Benedict, published at Donauwörth in the year 1786. We dealt with him on 19 October.

Mary Salome, the woman of the Gospel, is praised on this day by Tamayo as venerated at Compostela in Galicia. Of her it was spoken on the day before, that is, 22 October.

St. Severus, priest of Heraclea, a captive for the faith, Chastelain wishes to be marked on the present day in the supplement of his Universal Martyrology, because he died today. We spoke of him on the preceding day, namely 22 October.

The festival of Bl. John the Good, of the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, is announced today in the supplement of the Roman Martyrology for the order of the Hermits of St. Augustine, in the Auctaria of Usuard, and likewise in Greven, Walasser or Canisius and others; and indeed he should have been dealt with on this day; but for certain reasons he was dealt with on the day before, namely 22 October.

The feast of Jesus of Nazareth, or of the Child Jesus, to be kept solemnly, and indeed with an octave, on this day in the Roman churches of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Santa Maria delle Fornaci, San Marcello and others, is indicated by Giuseppe Mozzolari in his sacred Diary published for the third time at Rome in the year 1819. Of the feasts of Christ the Lord it will one day be dealt with separately.

The solemnity of the most holy Redeemer, whose venerable image, captured by the barbarians and carried off into Africa, and assailed with insults and outrages, and recovered from there by the Discalced Brothers of the order of the most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives on payment of a price, and carried into Spain, shining everywhere with signs and prodigies, is adored and venerated with great devotion of the peoples under the most holy name of Jesus of Nazareth, is celebrated today by those religious, as is clear from these words of their most recent Martyrology. In the most recent edition also of the Martyrology of the Discalced Carmelites it is read that on this day the feast of the most holy Redeemer is to be kept, where it is not kept on the third Sunday of July; but the cause and origin of this one is different.

On the borders of the territory of Paris, the dedication of the church of Vaux-de-Cernay (de Vallibus Cernaji). So in the Cistercian Calendar. Such things we are accustomed to pass over.

The name of St. Orestes comes on this day among the additions which are met with in the codex of St. Cyriacus of the Martyrology of Bede, or Florus. It recurs in the same place as a companion of Sts. Severus and Dorotheus, martyrs of Adrianople; but we shall point out below, in the Sylloge on these saints, that this is a fault. For the rest, since there are several martyrs of this name, in all likelihood that same one was transposed to this day from another.

St. Hura, martyr, the Ethiopians, and St. Waris the Copts, formerly celebrated today; who rightly seemed to Ludolf Ad historiam Aethiopicam commentarius, page 395. one and the same. I would also gladly agree with anyone who should say that St. Bassus is no other, who is celebrated on this day in the calendar of the Arabic Gospel-book of the Copts reviewed by Cardinal Mai Scriptorum veterum nova collectio, volume IV, part II, page 18.. Hence Chastelain too gave St. Hura, venerated by the Ethiopians, at this day; and following him the Rev. M. Petin, author of the hagiographical Dictionary; who added of his own that he is honoured by the Greeks. But since Michael, bishop of Atrib and Meliga, omitted him in his Synaxarion or Martyrology of the Alexandrian church of the Copts, and his name has not come my way in the other writers on Ethiopic and Coptic affairs whom we have, I cannot but pass him over.

The memory of St. Speciosus, eighth bishop of Fiesole, is made on this day in the sacred Florentine Diary of Ludovico Santini Guida sacra per le feste principali etc., Year 1853, page 106.. But neither in Scipione Ammirato nor in Ughelli is any Speciosus found in the series of the bishops of Fiesole; and the one who sat at Florence never obtained ecclesiastical cultus.

At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the memory of Seuresius, Magnus and Justus is celebrated on this day in the greater Corbie Hieronymian Martyrology which d'Achery brought to light Spicilegium, volume II, page 20, folio edition.. Of St. Seuresius it will be spoken below on this day. But Sts. Magnus and Justus seem to be passed over, since they are read in no other than in this Corbie codex, nor can they be distinguished by any indications from those of the same name.

The heavenly birthday of Sts. Severus, Dorotheus and Victor, whom the ancient diptychs of the church of Toulouse indicate to be celebrated today. Saussay has this on this day in the supplement to the Gallican Martyrology, as if these martyrs belonged by some singular title to the church of Toulouse. But there is nothing of the kind. These names are mere increments from the Hieronymian Fasti received into various martyrologies: of which matter it was spoken on the present day in the sylloge on Sts. Severus and Dorotheus; for Victor is from another band of martyrs.

The name of St. Colman is read on this day in the Martyrology of Tallaght. But in this one book eighty-eight Colmans occur, most without any sign by which they may be distinguished from one another; and since that name is only a different form of the name Colum, Columba, Columbanus [Compare Reeves, The Life of St Columba, founder of Hy, page 29, 42, 124, 172 and 296.], and these are twenty in number, no one, surely, will expect from me, a foreigner and not sufficiently furnished with Irish books, that I should offer myself as guide through this dense forest. Better things can without doubt be hoped for from the learned William Reeves, who, although a minister of the Anglican church in Ireland, has nevertheless written with singular candour and wonderful erudition of St. Columba, abbot of Hy; or also from the most learned man V. G. Todd, who, having formerly followed those same rites, not long ago entered the catholic church, and whom, if you should call him the master of restored Irish hagiography, you will not honour with excessive praises. I would add finally that the name of St. Colman does not appear on this day in the Martyrology of Donegal; whence it is easy to suspect that in the Martyrology of Tallaght a name is repeated which had already been celebrated on other days, for example on 20 October, where in our work, among those passed over, it was spoken of St. Colman of Tuam Grene.

The name of Colcan, which is the same as Colgan, and the patronymic, or in the genitive case, of the name Coelchu or Colga [Compare Colgan, Vitae SS. Hiberniae, page 379; Reeves, Vita S. Columbae, page 82.], occurs on this day in the Martyrology of Tallaght, but is omitted in that of Donegal. Colgan Ibid., page 378 and following. at 20 February spoke of four Sts. Colga, or Colgan, one by one, and listed four others. While he was illustrating these as in whatever way his own patrons, when he came to St. Colga or Colgan, son of Kellach, of whom there is talk in the Life of St. Columba, abbot of Hy, book I, chapter 34, and book III, chapter 15, he wrote that it might be that he is the same as the one who is recorded on the present day in the Martyrology of Tallaght. But we make no progress with such conjectures, and therefore we think today's St. Colgan must be passed over.

The memory of Dalbach of Cule Colla is made today in the Martyrology of Tallaght, which not long ago Matthew Kelly of good memory, lecturer in ecclesiastical history in the college of St. Patrick at Maynooth, published from a Brussels manuscript codex; similarly in the Martyrology of Donegal, which has not yet been printed, and in a third, no less celebrated, that of Marianus Gorman Compare Colgan, Acta SS. Hiberniae, page 747.. The Rev. M. Kelly points out that Cule Colla, or rather Cule Collaing, or Cuil-Collang, is situated in the county of Cork Calendar of Irish Saints, page 41.; so that it must be different from Kilcullen in the county of Kildare, in which St. Iserninus is related to have been established as bishop by St. Patrick Lewis, A topographical dictionary of Ireland, under Kilcullen., and which would have to be said, from the Life of St. Abban, to have formerly been called Culcolling In Colgan, Vitae SS. Hiberniae, page 615., if the reading were sufficiently certain Ibid., page 622, number 20.. Kill signifies a cell, or rather a church; but Cule a retreat, a corner, a hidden place. As for St. Dalbach, who formerly made the place called Cule Collaing illustrious by his virtues, I find no other memory of him than that certain metrical, fabulous and apocryphal Acts of St. Caimin, abbot of Inis-Keltra, were attributed to him Ibid., page 746.; whence it follows that he is more recent than this saint, who died in the year 856, and that he has long since been listed among the Irish writers.

Killian, son of Toidnam, or Todnan or Dodnan, we find on this day in the Martyrologies of Tallaght and Donegal, and Colgan Ibid., page 331. informs us that he read the same in Marianus Gorman, Cathal Maguire and the martyrologist of Cashel. The same writers had given at the preceding day, namely 22 October, another St. Killian, or Killen; whom we entirely omitted and now at least record. That name was quite common among the old Scots and Irish; nor do we know by what means St. Killian, son of Todnan, or that other one who is venerated on 22 October, is to be distinguished from most of the namesakes of whom Colgan wove a catalogue Ibid., page cited..

Maeltulius, or Maltulius and Moeltulius, son of Tiain or Thionus, comes our way on this day in the Martyrologies of Tallaght and Donegal; for the rest he is unknown to us.

On the same day, of St. Gotha, says Arthur du Moustier, praising Camerarius and Canisius. But Canisius, or rather Wallasser, whose lucubration the German Martyrology is, is entirely silent about her; and the wares of Camerarius sell at the lowest price Compare Acts of the Saints, volume V of June, page 248.. I would add, however, that a certain St. Goda is venerated in the parish of Héron near Liège, and is invoked there as patroness against tumours and other like diseases.

In Scotland, of St. Turgot, bishop of St. Andrews (Andreopolitanus): so on this day Ferrarius in the General Catalogue of the saints; and indeed in the Notes he adds that he took this memory from the Calendar and breviary of Scotland, and that this St. Turgot was the confessor of St. Margaret the queen and prior of Durham. But in very truth it has been shown a hundred times in our work that breviaries and calendars are called in as witness by Ferrarius which he never saw; but on whose lists he conjectured those names to be inscribed, since he judged that their ecclesiastical veneration was established for him from other sources; nor is there any doubt that in this place he had placed before his eyes Dempster, the writer of the ecclesiastical history of Scotland and the praiser of the saints of that same region. And the same Dempster in his Scottish Menologium had already before, namely on 9 October, celebrated the consecration of Turgot as bishop at the Shrine of St. Andrew, although this should have been celebrated on the Kalends of August, since on this day, in the year 1109, he was first adorned with the insignia of St. Andrews Wharton, Anglia sacra, volume II, page 234.. When our predecessors had met with this commemoration, they wrote among those Passed Over at 9 October that he would be dealt with on 23 October, provided that he is in fact to be listed among the saints Acts of the Saints, volume IV of October, page 571.. In the discharge of our office, therefore, we inquired whether that Turgot had anywhere obtained any ecclesiastical cultus; but we found not even a trace. Above all his name is entirely absent from the Aberdeen Breviary, which was more recently published again and contains so many Scottish saints. By Hector Boece Scotorum historiae, book XII, folio verso CCLXVIII, edition of 1526. he is called a most holy and most learned man, who administered his episcopal office with the greatest fruit. By Bale himself Scriptores Britanniae, volume I, page 169., who is not accustomed to illustrate catholic men, especially saints, but to tear them to pieces, he is praised; nor is he ill regarded by Buchanan Rerum Scoticarum book VII, page 221, Frankfurt edition.. And by Leslie De rebus gestis Scotorum, book VI, page 203, Roman edition., the catholic bishop of Ross in Scotland, he is called a man, if ever there was one, splendidly adorned with the lights of the virtues; and by Selden, in the preface to Twysden's Ten Writers, he is very much praised. In the Acts of the Saints, moreover, his affairs are discussed twice, and in both places his praises are made plain [Acts of the Saints, volume III of March, page 124 and following, and volume II of June, page 320 and 321.]. The chief heads of his life were written by Alford, who is also Griffith [Annales ecclesiae Anglicanae at the year 1074, number 16 and following, and at the year 1093, number 31 and following.], and by Mabillon [Annales Benedictini, book LXIV, number 83; book LXVII, number 47; book LXX, number 91; book LXXI, number 61; book LXXII, number 102.]. Ussher Britannicarum ecclesiarum antiquitates, page 346, edition of 1687. likewise spoke of him, and Wharton Anglia sacra, volume I, preface, page XLVII, and page 786; volume II, page 234.; and, to pass over other more recent ones, for example Pinkerton An Enquiry into the history of Scotland, volume II, page 269. and Jamieson An historical account of the ancient culdees of Jona, page 239 and following., several contemporaries or near-contemporaries spoke at length of his deeds, for example Eadmer, William of Malmesbury, Hoveden, the chronicle of Melrose and Simeon of Durham. But although all of these agree in celebrating the piety and holiness of life of Turgot, yet none calls him Saint or Blessed Turgot, or signifies by any other indication that any ecclesiastical honours were granted him: indeed, in the very Benedictine Menologia, which hold the names of so many venerable men, the name of Turgot is not read. Wherefore it is not permitted us to give him a place among the saints in our work; if, however, it should afterwards be found that we are mistaken in this matter, he could be spoken of on the day on which Ferrarius affirms that he is also venerated, 9 November.

On this very day, of St. Turgot, monk of Melrose, says Ferrarius in the Note to the memory of Turgot, bishop of St. Andrews. But this Turgot is the same as the bishop of St. Andrews, who, as Alford Annales ecclesiae Anglicanae at the year 1074, number 18. and Wharton Anglia sacra, volume I, page 786. will teach you, once lived in the monastery of Melrose together with his master Aldwin. He was not, however, a monk of Melrose, since it was at Wearmouth, to which he passed over after leaving Melrose, that he first put on the monastic habit.

The Translation of the venerable bones of St. James of Crorovia (rather of Borovichi) and of Novgorod, wonderworker. So on this day it is read in the Sobornik, or Synaxarion of the Ruthenians, of Kiev, whose translation George David, missionary of our society at Moscow, sent to our predecessors in the year 1688. But in another, which Baron von Sparwenfeld sent to the same in the year 1713, it is more correctly read: Likewise of St. James of Borovichi, the new miracle-worker, or rather wonderworker; and then a note is added, in which it is related that that saint ended his days in the year of the world 6960 according to the Constantinopolitan reckoning, which agrees with the year of Christ 1452. When we fell upon these things, we were not a little anxious in what place that name should be spoken of, whether among those passed over or among the saints rightly venerated; for although in the year 1452 the Muscovites had long since cast off the concord which Isidore, metropolitan of Kiev and Moscow, had entered into with the catholics at Florence, there were nevertheless many among them, even bishops, who did not consent to the schism. And indeed Euthymius, bishop of Novgorod, in whose diocese St. James lived, betook himself to the metropolitan Isidore when he returned from Greece to Moscow in the year 1437. We therefore consulted the Rev. Fr. John Martinof, who with the Rev. Fr. John Gagarin, whenever Slavonic saints are dealt with, is always most ready to bring us help. Following his mind, then, we place St. James of Borovichi among those passed over, since, his deeds being almost unknown, it is very difficult to determine anything about that man. It is pleasing, however, to attach here the few things which the Rev. Fr. Martinof communicated to me about this man. In the Moscow Synaxarion and the Menaea he is heaped with the common praises without which no one among the orientals would be a saint: namely that he prayed much, made many vigils, afflicted his body; and besides that he led that life which other saints, made fools for Christ and hence called Sali, honoured by their example. Then it treats of the discovery of his body, which had remained unknown until the year 1545, in which it was translated from Borovichi to Novgorod. Since, then, Bl. James the Salus, or Fool, lay so long in darkness before his memory became celebrated, no one will wonder that the Russian ecclesiastical writers are extremely meagre about him; and so Philaret, bishop of Riga, when in his History of the Russian church he comes to Bl. James the Salus, or of Borovichi, is content to send his readers to the hagiographical Lexicon of Russia, where, however, hardly anything is to be found. But although the translation of Bl. James the Salus was solemnly made in the year 1545, his name was not admitted among the twenty, or twenty-one, saints whose festive memory the council of Moscow, on 26 February of the year 1547, ordered to begin to be kept every year, and whose lives were inserted into the Slavonic Menaea by Macarius, who from bishop of Novgorod was created metropolitan of Moscow and is commonly held to be the author of the Slavonic Menaea; nor is the memory of Bl. James the Salus celebrated in any other Menaea of the 16th century; indeed his image is also missing in the Graeco-Muscovite Ephemerides of Papebroch, which after the middle of the 17th century were still in common use at Moscow. In the end I would add that the town of Borovitski, or Borovitschi, in which St. James the Salus lived and was buried, lies on the river Msta, in the province of Novgorod, to the south-east of Novgorod, a sufficiently well-known city, from which it is 160 kilometres distant.

At Toledo in Carpetania in Spain, the deposition of St. Gratian, martyr, who suffered at Rome; whose sacred pledges are kept in a gilded reliquary in the monastery of the brothers of the Most Holy Trinity and are venerated by the faithful with religious piety. So Tamayo in the Spanish Martyrology on this day; where in the notes he adds that the bones of this man were dug out of the Roman cemeteries and given to the Rev. Fr. John of the Annunciation, who saw to their being carried into Spain. Until there is time to examine as they deserve the most weighty questions which have been raised about the cemeterial saints of Rome, it will be enough for us to place them in our work among those Passed Over.

Bl. Luke, from a disciple of St. Norbert made first abbot of the monastery of Mont-Cornillon of the Premonstratensian order, which is now said to have been transferred into the city of Liège, is praised on this day in the manuscript supplement of the Premonstratensian Menologium and in the hagiological Ephemerides of George, abbot of Roggenburg. He has not so far been lawfully and publicly placed among the saints.

The martyrdom of the abbot and monks of Sittichenbach in Germany, whom the count of Mansfeld slew by an unjust death in the year 1376 because they had exercised toward his enemies the hospitality prescribed by the rule of St. Benedict, Antonio de Heredia commemorates today in the Menologium, or in the Lives of the saints of the order of St. Benedict. But the church has not so far vindicated these martyrs.

At Clairvaux, of Bl. Gauzelinus, monk; who, by long practice of holy conversation disposing fiery ascents in his heart, came to the Lord in the fortieth year of his conversion. So it is read on this day in the Auctarium of the Cistercian Calendar. Gauzelinus is also praised by Bucelin, Heredia, Henriquez and other Benedictine and Cistercian menologists; but he has no ecclesiastical cultus.

At Camaldoli, of the venerable man Romuald of Fabriano, who died in the year of Christ 1579. This from the Benedictine Menologium of Bucelin, from the Camaldolese Diary of Basilio Duvergio, from the Lives of the Benedictine Saints of Antonio de Heredia and other sources; but that Romuald has not yet obtained ecclesiastical cultus.

At York in England, the memory of the Ven. Wilsindis, disciple of St. Burgundofara, who passed to the heavenly ones about the year 650, is recalled on this day by the anonymous Donauwörth writer of the Benedictine Calendar. Traces of cultus I do not know.

At the Mount of St. Walburga, a monastery of the Cistercian order, three miles from Cologne, near Brühl, of Bl. Richmundis, virgin; who, while she gave herself with unwearied spirit to vigils, fasts and supplications, and, going out of her mind, was present at the secrets of heaven, passed to Christ full of good works. So Arthur du Moustier on this day in the Sacred Gynecaeum, citing Caesarius of Heisterbach, book VIII, chapter 7, of the Miracles, Henriquez in the Cistercian Menologium, Manrique in the Calendar of the saints and blessed of the Cistercian order, and also the French Calendar printed at Dijon. To these there could now be added Antonio de Heredia in the Lives of the Saints of the Order of St. Benedict written in Spanish, and the writer of the Cistercian Calendar in the Auctaria on this day. But although almost all of these agree in calling Richmundis saint or blessed, yet none suggests that any trace of her cultus ever existed. More rightly, then, Gelenius in the Admiranda magnitudo Coloniae called her only venerable; and we pass her over.

The praises of Bl. Albert, count of Frankenberg in Hesse, and a son of the order of Preachers, who flourished about the middle of the 13th century, are brought forward today in the sacred Dominican Diary printed in Italian at Rome in the year 1758. Albert has not yet been numbered among the saints by public authority.

The memory of the Ven. Fr. John Nider, most learned in spiritual matters, is made on this day, following the Année Dominicaine, by Emmanuel de Lima in the Dominican Hagiologium. There is no one who does not value this man highly; but the church does not venerate him.

The memory of James of St. Peter, slain by the Moors for the faith in the year 1516; of Joanna de Osorio, who died piously among the Dominican nuns about the year 1430; of Nicholas, bishop and inquisitor among the Hungarians, slain in the year 1241; of Arsancia Cadela, who departed to the heavenly ones from the monastery of Prouille in the year 1321; and of Lawrence Ramirez, an apostolic man, who obtained a better life in the year 1640, Emmanuel de Lima celebrates with deserved praises on this day in the Dominican Hagiologium. To these add, from the abridged Année Dominicaine published at Paris in the year 1670, Febronia of Bologna, a most pious virgin, and Peter Delgado, missionary in the West Indies. But of these none has been vindicated among the saints.

The praises of John de Leiva, missionary in the Philippine islands, who piously ended his life in the year 1620, are celebrated on this day by Marchese in the Dominican Diary and by Emmanuel de Lima in the Dominican Hagiologium. But he has not yet been placed among the saints by lawful judgment.

The pious memory of Nicholas of Lyra, who died about the year 1340, is recalled on this day by Hueber in the Seraphic Menologium and by Arthur du Moustier in the Franciscan Martyrology.

Francis Lardegarius, priest, and James Laggerius, layman, both of the Seraphic order, you may see praised on this day by Hueber in the Menologium, because, slain in the year 1566 by the Calvinist heretics near Montréal (Mons Regalis), they underwent martyrdom.

At Belvís in the territory of Palencia, about the year 1566, Didacus Suffranus died piously. Hueber records him in the Seraphic Menologium, and with him Arthur du Moustier.

In the West Indies, of Bl. Bernardine of Sagunto, confessor. So Arthur du Moustier in the Franciscan Martyrology. But that Bernardine lacks ecclesiastical cultus.

The memory of Bl. Leonora Portocarrero de Vega, a Poor Clare virgin, at Palma in the territory of Córdoba, who flourished about the year 1570, is celebrated today by Hueber in the Seraphic Menologium and by Arthur du Moustier in the sacred Gynecaeum and in the Franciscan Martyrology. We pass her over, because she has not yet obtained lawful ecclesiastical cultus.

At Olmedo in the diocese of Ávila, in a convent of the third order of St. Francis, in the year 1594, Catherine de Quadia died, illustrious for her virtues. Hueber praises her again on this day.

St. Crescus, or Crescius, martyr in the Valley of Mugello in Tuscany, but ascribed by others to Florence or Fiesole, is praised on this day by Chastelain in the Universal Martyrology, by Ferrarius in the General Catalogue and in the Catalogue of the Saints of Italy, likewise by the author of the Italian Hagiologium and others; we speak of him on the day next following, namely 24 October.

At Caesarea in Cappadocia, the passion of Sts. Longinus, Severus, Victor and Dorotheus is recorded on the present day in the Liessies codex of the Martyrology of Bede, or Florus Acts of the Saints, volume II of March, page XXXV.. Of St. Longinus it has been spoken above; of Sts. Severus and Dorotheus, martyrs of Adrianople, there will be talk below. St. Victor is unknown to us, unless he belongs to the band of Nicomedia or of Hierapolis, of which it will be spoken on the following day, namely 24 October.

At Venosa, of Felix, bishop of Tubzoca, and of Audactus and Januarius, priests: these are read in the Barberini codex of the Martyrology of Bede, or Florus Ibid., page cited., on this day. Notker reports the same names on this day, adding Fortunatus and Septimus, lectors; but they belong to the following day, on which we shall set out the passion of St. Felix, and shall show at the same time that Sts. Audactus and Januarius, Fortunatus, Septimus and others have been wrongly thrust in. See therefore the Acts of St. Felix at 24 October.

Bl. Bernard, bishop of Vic (Viguensis) in Spain, appears again on this day in the Benedictine Menologia. Among those passed over on 16 October we have already said that we would deal with him on 26 October.

The commemoration of the holy abbot Imeata, one of the nine holy monks who came from the Roman empire into the region of Abyssinia called Tigre, and flourished there at the end of the 5th century, is celebrated on this day in the Senkassar, or Abyssinian Hagiologium, which the excellent missionary Giuseppe Sapeto brought to light not long ago [Viaggio e missione cattolica fra i Mensa, i Bogos e gli Habab con un cenno geographico e storico dell'Abissinia, page 411.]. His name, changed into Jemata, is read in the Ethiopic Calendar published by Ludolf at the 28th of the Ethiopic month Tekemt, or the 25th of the Roman month of October Commentarius in Historiam Aethiopicam, page 396.. Elsewhere In Ludolf, Historia Aethiopica, book III, chapter 3; Commentarius, page 284. he comes under the name of abbot Adimata, and he was a native of Qosiat (what place this is has so far escaped me) Zapeto, Viaggio etc., page 405.. Of the nine holy monks our predecessors attempted something on the occasion of St. Michael Aragawi, whom they falsely thought to have been one of them [Acts of the Saints, volume I of June, page 639, and volume V of October, page 606 and following.]; and the memory of St. Garuma, or Garima, whom they did not know to have been in fact of their number and to have been called by the genuine name of Isaac, they rescued from oblivion at 11 June Acts of the Saints, volume II of June, page 465.. But since the monuments which we now have were lacking to them, they could not walk a safe path. It will therefore be worth while to go over these things again somewhat; to recall to memory the names of the Ethiopian saints omitted in our work at their days; in a word, to write a brief Ethiopic, or Abyssinian, Hagiologium. This can easily be done in the next volume, in which it will have to be spoken of St. Frumentius, the apostle of those regions, and of St. Elesbaan, called Kaleb by the Ethiopians and Abyssinians, who had much dealing with St. Pantaleon, once leader and father of the nine holy monks. Let the reader, then, await these things on the day on which Sts. Frumentius and Elesbaan are celebrated in the Roman Martyrology, 27 October.

St. Genesius and his mother Genesia, who are venerated at Thiers (Tigernum) in Auvergne, are celebrated on this day by Branche, the biographer of the saints of Auvergne: but a misprint of the typographers is the cause; for, as follows from Branche's text itself, the day should have been written on which we shall speak of them, 28 October.

The Office of the glorious prelate and martyr Foillan, 23 October, revised by decree of the general chapter, to be celebrated with the rite of a greater triple in the celebrated abbey of that same holy patron, printed at Mons in the year 1721, I have before me. Of that saint we shall speak on the day on which he is commonly venerated, 31 October.

St. Albinus, venerated as a martyr in the monastic, afterwards cathedral, church of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières (S. Pontii Tomeriarum) in Gallia Narbonensis, is recorded on this day by Chastelain and, following him, by the Rev. M. Petin, writer of the Hagiographical Dictionary. Most certainly his body was festively venerated in the church of Saint-Pons until, after the middle of the 16th century, it was scattered by the Calvinists. But now his feast is nowhere marked in the order for reciting the divine office in the ecclesiastical division of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières for the year 1829. I do not know whether this omission was first made when the Calvinists handled the relics of the holy man so badly. Certainly his feast does not appear in two Calendars of Thomières of the middle of the 17th century; nor was it restored by Pierre-Jean-François de Percin de Montgaillard, who occupied the see of Thomières from the year 1665 to 1713 and deserved to be praised by the writers of the new Gallia Christiana Volume VI, column 254. because, holding fast to the Augustinian doctrine (understand: that of Ypres), he defended it to the best of his power. Certainly St. Albinus is not found in the Catalogue of feasts which this prelate published in print at Narbonne in the year 1681; and by which he struck out ninety-three feasts or commemorations from the Roman Missal and Breviary; reduced twenty-one feasts to a lower rite, for example the feast of the Immaculate Conception to the rite of a mere double without octave, and the feast of St. Ignatius Loyola to a bare commemoration; and by which, finally, he introduced twenty-nine feasts which are absent from the Roman Calendar, among which last you will seek in vain the name of St. Albinus. However that may be, if he is different from St. Albinus of Angers, who now (if no changes have recently been made) is venerated at Thomières on 1 or 2 March, we prefer to speak of him with Saussay Martyrologium Gallicanum, volume II, Supplement, page 1190. on 2 November.

Of Gaudiosus, bishop of Tarazona, confessor, patron of the church: a double of the first class with octave in the mother church; in the diocese a double: so it is read on this day in the Order for reciting the divine office in the diocese of Tarazona (Tyrasonensis, or Turiasonensis) in Spain for the year 1718; but Ferrarius in the General Catalogue of the Saints, Chastelain in the Universal Martyrology, Tamayo in the Spanish Martyrology and Pedro Sainz de Baranda in the Clave de la España sagrada announce his feast at 3 November, and the said Order indicates a translation at the 15th of the same month. Wherefore we shall speak of him on 3 November

or 15 November.

The memory of St. Zachary, priest, is recalled today in the Syriac, or Chaldaic, calendar which was printed at Rome in the year 1624, and of which a twofold version is at our hand, the one by Simon son of Moses, a Maronite, the other by Joseph, likewise a pupil of the Maronite college. Of St. Zachary, priest and father of St. John the Baptist, we shall speak with the Roman Martyrology on 5 November.

St. Laidgennus, or Laidcend, is praised on this day in the Martyrologies of Tallaght and of Donegal, in Colgan's Irish one, and in the Martyrology of Marianus Gorman. Colgan, in the Notes to the sylloge on St. Laidgennus, son of Baithus, has this about the present St. Laidgennus Acts of the Saints of Ireland, page 58.: There is commemorated … on 23 October a third Laidgennus, son of Rochra, who with his brothers Cannechus and Accabronus is venerated on 28 November in the region of the Decies, in the place which is called Achadhraithin. It will more conveniently, then, be spoken of this holy band on 28 November.

The name of St. Peter Paschasius, bishop of Jaén and martyr, has since the year 1674 been read twice in the Roman Martyrology, once on 6 December, on which he died; once on 23 October, to which Pope Clement X transferred his feast; it seems better to us, as it has also seemed to Butler, Godescard and others, to speak of him on 6 December.

St. Gratian, bishop of Toulon in Provence and martyr, is praised on this day by the Rev. M. Petin. We shall speak of him with Saussay and others at 26 December.