Meinwerk

CONCERNING BLESSED MEINWERK,

BISHOP OF PADERBORN IN WESTPHALIA. IN THE YEAR 1036. TO THE PIOUS SHADES OF THE MOST EXALTED AND MOST REVEREND

PRINCE, FERDINAND VON FÜRSTENBERG, BISHOP OF PADERBORN AND

MÜNSTER, ETC., MOST WELL-DESERVING OF THE ACTS OF THE SAINTS.

Meinwerk, Bishop of Paderborn in Westphalia (Bl.) If by good deeds, as fame among men, so grace before God is extended, and this mortal life also were prolonged, we should even now, Most Munificent Soul, enjoy You by this. But so it seemed good to the supreme Arbiter of human affairs, that for laboriously multiplying those deeds the time should be short, for pleasantly perceiving their fruits there should be no end. Us too the Creator willed, made to His likeness, to hold the same rule as far as we could, and to preserve perpetual the memory of benefits that flow away with time. How just this is, paganism, however blind, recognized. For in order to teach that the Graces, withered by no flux of age, and at the same time immortal, were to be held by benefactors; it fashioned the youthful Charites also Goddesses. Hence it comes about that, however far we have run in the long course of illustrating the Acts of the Saints, and furthermore are about to run, we can never not be mindful of the benefits conferred by You upon us; nor only of these, but also of those which You were about to confer the same, if a longer life on earth had been Yours. Although not even with this life do You seem to us to have ceased to wish and do well; but to be about to derive that affection of Yours even from the heavens, into which we trust You have been received, into the work once so dear to You, by inspiring in others too a benevolent and beneficent affection for its promotion. That some monument of this our new obligation toward You may remain to posterity, we inscribe to Your Name one part of the new work; namely the Acts of Your holy predecessor in the Bishopric of Paderborn, Meinwerk, pledged to You who even now live among us, since You willed that they themselves, diligently collated with the original codices, and accurately illustrated with learned observations, should run ahead of June, slowly proceeding with us, so that the labor might be lighter for us. Therefore in this too we gratefully acknowledge Your beneficent spirit toward the work of the Saints, and acknowledging it we return what You lent; but in returning it we presume to entreat, that by whatever grace You avail before the Saint and the other Saints and the Holy of Holies, You may obtain for us and those who will follow us to complete happily the remainder of the work, and at last to be received into the Society with You of those whose monuments we strive to clear away and illustrate, they themselves favoring well.

PRELIMINARY COMMENTARY.

His Life, the age of its Author, and the cult of the Blessed. Meinwerk, Bishop of Paderborn in Westphalia (Bl.)

BY THE AUTHOR D. P.

Christophorus Browerus, a learned man of our Society, and known to the world by various lucubrations brought to light, died at Trier in the year 1617, intent on bringing to press the Annals of his Diocese which he had composed; Browerus, among the Stars of Germany, about to give the Life from a manuscript, but a year before he died, by the benefit of old manuscripts, he gathered into one volume various Lives of German Saints, from the year 1614 onward prepared for public light, as appears from the Dedications prefixed to each; and gave this title to that volume: "Stars of illustrious and holy men, who once adorned Germany, especially Greater Germany, by their deeds." How deservedly he placed among these the Bishop of Paderborn of holy and venerable memory, Meinwerk, appears from the very Dedication, inscribed on the 26th of August to Theodore von Fürstenberg, Prince and Bishop of Paderborn, most munificent Founder of our College in his City, thus beginning it:

[2] As the rare Phoenix bird, and reborn from its pyre only every fifth century, He prefixed a notable eulogy of Meinwerk. is said to traverse the neighborhood of India and the cedar groves on Lebanon, and scarcely trust itself to the eyes of mortals; so, at certain intervals of the ages, by the supreme benefit of God the best Parent, certain men excelling in heroic virtues are wont to arise for the advantage of the human race, and to appear, like Phoenixes, rare; who either advise the Church excellently, or govern the Commonwealth happily and tranquilly, with praise and the notable benefit of many. Among these I would not fear to number Meinwerk, the Pontiff of the Church of Paderborn, distinguished with other marks of virtue; then in this beyond all the rest, who for many years before preceded him, eminent, that the city and see, which he had found, the church burned down, poor and afflicted, he so adorned with resources and works, that, what is said of a certain man, he made it from brick into marble, that is, from a muddy thing sunk in rubble, into one cultivated and splendid. But the Clergy too, whom he had found mediocre in income and almost bereft of examples and discipline, he likewise enriched, not only with revenues, but increased it by founding a new College at Busdorf, built and founded from the foundations; indeed, having even summoned Monks from Cluny in Burgundy itself, for their excellent institutions of conduct, and having established for them a very ample dwelling with a basilica, he aided all his own people, by the rarest examples of piety. What shall I say of the people? whose safety and tranquility that he might protect, he girded the town with walls, gave the citizens the best laws, and relieved the want of the needy with much alms and liberality. Now also of the studies of letters and the cultivation of the best arts shall I be silent? when in Meinwerk's age the Clergy of Paderborn had a school, most flourishing in the praise of outstanding talents and the practice of doctrines. Finally, to put the matter in few words, Meinwerk was that Priest and Bishop, by whose work, zeal, munificence, piety, and religion, it was accomplished that, where the barbarity of manners and the rustic austerity of men had once placed their dwelling, thither the cultivation of virtue, and humanity joined to erudition, as if with changed seats, seemed to have migrated.

[3] An ancient codex inserted it among the Lives of the Saints All these encomia, how great in themselves, so true in Meinwerk, will the Life prove, here taken in hand. The first to publish it was Browerus himself, from authentic manuscripts, as he says; and, received from him, the Carthusian curators of Cologne inserted it among the Lives of the Saints collected by Surius in the third edition, Surius now being dead, in the year 1618. A similar manuscript, seen also (as I think) by Browerus himself, we received and acquired for ourselves, other books being exchanged, from the College of Paderborn; it is a parchment Codex, containing first the Chronicle of Dithmar, ending in the year 1018, and much more complete than what is had in print; then the Lives of the Saints, of Hidulphus, Archbishop of Trier, on the 11th of July; of Severus, Priest of Vienne in Gaul, on the 18th of November; of Margaret of Hungary, on the 28th of January; of Romualdus the Abbot, on the 7th of February; of Hugo, Bishop of Lincoln, on the 17th of November; of Morandus, Monk in Sundgau, on the 3rd of June; of Poppo the Abbot, on the 25th of January; of Hildegundis the Virgin, on the 20th of April; of Wernher, a boy slain by the Jews, on the 19th of April; of Arnoldus, ascribed to the Saints under Charlemagne, on the 18th of July; and of Master Albert the Great, on the 15th of November. To these is subjoined the Life of Meinwerk, Bishop of Paderborn, which the Acts of St. Heymeradus the Priest follow, before the year 1300. on the 28th of June; and of St. Edburgis the Virgin, on the 15th of the same. Hence we learn that account was already long ago taken of Meinwerk, as one to be numbered among the Saints, or at least the Blessed. And since, the two former excepted, all the rest (whose Lives we have partly already given, partly are about to give) were either contemporary with Meinwerk himself, namely SS. Romualdus and Poppo, Abbots; or one or two centuries later (for Albert lived until the year 1280; Wernher was martyred seven years after) it seems to us that the author of that collection wished by such a comparison to make Meinwerk more illustrious. Meanwhile indeed from the age of the last named we are warned, that this codex of ours, however ancient it may seem, cannot be raised beyond the 14th century of the Christian era.

[4] The same, after Browerus, Adolfus Overham reprints from the same manuscript Browerus's edition, recognized against the autograph, our friend Adolphus Overham, while he lived a Monk of Werden, professing in the year 1681 to reprint, performed especially this, that the names of places and persons, often smoothed away by Browerus, he restored to their ancient form; and, after weighing Browerus's Scholia, illustrated everything with most copious Notes, which we gladly profess were of great use to us: but what he himself calls the autograph, in the sense in which something written by the very hand of the Author is signified; there will oppose certain errors, not easily to have flowed from the pen of an author by no means inept, and imputable only to the carelessness of copyists, occurring equally in his manuscript and in ours; as, when in no. 18 April is twice noted, instead of March; and that in a matter otherwise most well known, such as is, in the latter place, the feast of St. Gregory. But if Adolphus means only this, that he used that very writing from which Browerus published the Life; I will not object, but will say that both that and ours were transcribed from one and the same original; with this exception, that Chapters V, VI, VII and VIII, in which are contained the possessions acquired from private persons under Meinwerk, are absent from ours; as also from the same our manuscript are absent the Decrees of the Synod of Seligenstadt, found at the end of one Codex, and inserted by Browerus into Chapter XII with us, against the mind of the Author. But here he used liberally not only the aforesaid Chronicle of Dithmar, and the Lives of St. Godehard, Bishop of Hildesheim, and St. Heimeradus, written in the same 11th century in which they died; but also that Chronicle of Magdeburg, composed in the 13th century which we have written in an ancient hand on parchment up to the year 1187, praised in our Paralipomena to the Catalogues of the Pontiffs, where concerning Gregory V, no. 2, and to be more praised on the following day in the Norbertine Analecta, chapter 4. Hence not ineptly do we seem able to argue concerning the age of the Author, and to push it back to the 13th century: certainly to believe it nearer to the age of Meinwerk himself certain chronographical errors, sprinkled in this work, do not permit, nor otherwise easily excusable.

[5] The Author being anonymous. Adolphus begins his Notes on that Life from the Author, whom he confesses and everywhere calls Anonymous: "for the Monks of Paderborn," he says, "by the tradition indeed of their elders affirm that by some one of their Prelates the deeds of their founder were consigned to writing; but the cities of Greece would more quickly agree about Homer's fatherland, than they about the name of this Author." Therefore the care of further seeking it being dismissed, I hold it enough to have somehow defined the age; which Adolphus likewise left undefined; and I pass to the cult, and the title of Blessed, founded on it. Of this title indeed no use by any of the ancients is found; but the proofs of more religious veneration are had from three hundred years ago, those which always prove a cult for a Blessed, described (as I said) among the Lives of the Saints. Therefore with that, or even with the title of Saint, Browerus first used without scruple, The title of Blessed is proved not so much from the more recent Authors, not only noting on the front of the book B. M., that is, of Blessed memory; but through the individual pages noting above "concerning Saint Meinwerk." The third edition of Surius everywhere prefixes B. to the name; which our Nicolaus Schaten follows in his Annals of Paderborn, the first part of which, midwifed after the author's death by Father Joannes Kloppenburg, we have lately received published, and we await the other shortly. The same does Theodorus Rhay, among the illustrious Souls of Jülich, Cleves and the annexed Provinces, weaving a eulogy of Bl. Meinwerk, and thereupon even calling him Saint; which likewise and absolutely did Joannes Velde, in his Westphalian Annals not yet published. But before all these is to be reckoned the aforementioned Bishop Ferdinand, among the Monuments of Paderborn, illustrated in prose and verses, calling him Blessed; and this example and command of so great authority Adolphus Overham believed he could deservedly follow, reprinting the Life by the order of the Prince himself. The same we too will follow here, having first brought forward the arguments which could and ought to have moved them.

[6] First can be reckoned the honor bestowed on the deceased by his successor Rotho in the 15th year of his Episcopate, than by the foundation of a lamp at the tomb in the year 1048 in the Christian era 1048, when "we gave," he says, "a silver vessel from the Tithes of our Bishopric in Wilgadessun, thirty shillings each year hereafter, from which a continual light may be provided at the tomb of the venerable Lord Meinwerk the Bishop, our predecessor; and on the Anniversary of his deposition and of ours, to the Brethren (of Abdinghof) a love-feast may be administered in memory of our commemoration." Second is the translation of the body, and the keeping of it among the sacred Relics. For Bruno Fabritius, who in the year 1572 wrote the Catalogue of the Abbots of Abdinghof, having himself become their successor seven years after, to the Life, briefly sketched, adds these things: "After the body of the venerable Father, and most worthy of eternal memory, our Founder, and the elevation of the Body in the year 1376, Lord Meinwerk the Bishop, had rested 340 years in the crypt; the most praised and most deserving Abbot Conrad Allenhausen, deeming it worthy of a higher place, had it translated into the middle of the Choir, in the year 1376 on the feast of St. Mark the Evangelist." Browerus says that on this same higher tomb, some years before (namely about the beginning of the present century), such a Distich was carved. This stone, sculpted to the likeness of Meinwerk, covers him, Who did very many things for the love of Christ.

[7] I myself was at Paderborn in the year 1680, to offer to the Most Exalted Prince and Bishop of Paderborn and Münster, Ferdinand von Fürstenberg, the first three Volumes of May, dedicated to him and his two brothers; And the Translation into a tomb, on which his statue was placed, and on that occasion I saw the tomb, such as I had read of in the papers of our Gamansius, erected between the candelabrum and the high altar to almost four feet. I also considered the sides of the Tomb, adorned with painted images of various Saints, and among them (as Gamansius had noted) Meinwerk painted three times; where on the front indeed he himself is seen in Episcopal habit, offering to Christ appearing in the air a two-towered church; which likewise he does, painted at the foot, with a three-towered church; but on the right side, and around it he himself is painted three times among the Saints; standing between SS. Henry and Kunigunde, he offers to the Mother of God standing by a third three-towered church as before, and there are read inscribed these words "Renewed in the year 1598," which is to be understood of those paintings. Mindful of these things thus seen, I asked that the tomb itself with the statue placed upon it be delineated, and by the care of Kloppenburg I obtained such as you will see on the opposite page.

[8] I also saw, beside the high altar, adhering to the wall a very large statue of wood, Another statue of the same beside the altar; clothed pontifically in the old manner, the lower border of whose mitre at the forehead was inscribed with these letters, "Meynwercus Episcopus." But to the wall itself, as far as I remember, adhered verses of more recent work, which Browerus before the Life thus recites. Whoever you are who direct your eyes upon this effigy, Know it to be of Meinwerk, here a worthy Prelate. Created of the illustrious stock of the Counts of Geldern, Pious, he did very many things for the love of Christ. What his Predecessor built, he tore down of the highest Church, and magnificently rebuilt the work. This Monastery, dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul, He founded, with the aid of the Emperor Henry. From a wood and a village the place, which obtained its name, He first gave to be held by the sacred Orders. He enclosed Paderborn the city with walls set up, And in various ways increased the public laws. Pleasing to the Clergy and other good men, most pleasing to the stars, Here he rests in the middle of the Choir, worthy of honor. To Bl. Meinwerk there succeeded in the Episcopate Rotho or Rothardus, likewise painted in his tomb with rays: which tomb Henricus the Provost, of the same Buren family as he, around the year 1400 had adorned with the images of the holy Patrons placed around it, each with his own title in this manner: "St. Leo, consecrator of this church. St. Liborius Patron, St. Mary Patroness, St. Kilian Patron, Bl. Meinwerk Preparer, St. Charles Founder of this church."

[9] But as there among the Saints Meinwerk is sculpted and painted; likewise at Buren in the choir among the Saints. so also in the Parish church of the town of Buren a choir is seen, having a wall adorned around with paintings of the Saints, among whom is Meinwerk too. And those are: Henry the Emperor, Engelbert Archbishop of Cologne, Meinolphus Deacon of Paderborn, and Adelheid the Queen. So the promoter of the History of Paderborn, our Joannes Kloppenborg, wrote to me that he had seen; with like faith, that is ocular, asserting that the Relics of the same Blessed Bishop are found in various places, together with the Relics of other Saints, named in the tablets of the Relics, Relics in various reliquaries, enclosed in altars duly consecrated. Besides these, plucked from the sacred bones at the translation, others too are had from things once pertaining to his use, and hitherto kept with veneration. Such especially is the sacred Chasuble: concerning which the aforementioned Bruno Fabritius left this written. the chasuble in which he was buried, incorrupt for 340 years, "It is even to the point of a miracle worthy of memory, that the Chasuble or sacred Pallium, with which clothed Bishop Meinwerk was given to burial, and in which for three hundred and forty years he rested in the tomb, neither time nor rot consumed entirely. For even now in our monastery, indeed his own, it is today seen; indeed every year, on the very day on which Meinwerk was taken from human life, the Prelate of this monastery performs in it the high Mass." Hence there are extant verses, which (as the age then bore) composed, were prefixed to the chest which keeps the Pallium (which Browerus says is of wood). The garment, which you behold, and which the present Chest contains, Was that of Meinwerk, the excellent Prelate. As the elders tell us, C three times, X and L, For so many years the body lay hidden, and it too at the same time. But it itself is now not used for the sacrifice of the Mass, for many years past; but, hung up above, it is shown to the people, so that it can be seen, but not touched, nor anything stealthily plucked from it.

[10] But this sacred Pallium, made of white Damask, is quite unlike ours, which we use today; whose use is on his Birthday; for in front and behind, and on each side, closed and entire, ample below, round and open, lowered to the bottom of the feet, above it has an opening, through which a man's head can put itself forth; and fringes, woven with golden letters, but fading, at the front and at the back. Although therefore on Meinwerk's birthday, of him is celebrated by no other rite than that of a Requiem, as they call it (as also of other Blessed, kept from the first institution, as we have often noted before, and will note on the following day next, that within the memory of our parents it was still done of St. Norbert) this however he has peculiar, that that Mass is celebrated in white vestments, suited to joy, not mourning, and not for him, but for the Benefactors of the Church of the same family. a crozier and a ring: Besides the Chasuble the monks of Abdinghof keep also a Crozier, which is of wood: and likewise in a separate Reliquary a golden Ring, with the bezel of a little red stone, on which is inscribed ✠ "The Ring of Meynwerk the Bishop." Finally they show in the crypt the place of the first Burial, of which Gamansius noted in writing, that it cannot be leveled entirely, but always sinks down in some part of itself, so that a hollow lies open to anyone, even if they pour lime into the pavement, or place a stone over it.

[11] Memory of the same in a golden Cross. And these things look more immediately to the memory of Bishop Meinwerk: yet not a little does the same is done by a golden Cross, a span and a half wide, and a little longer, engraved with the Mysteries of the Lord's Resurrection divided in various ways. This in the lower part, which is longer, has a man, as it appears a Cleric, in shorter habit, as of one journeying, with a banner in his hands, and the name inscribed "Brother Tietmar"; but through the outer border this fourfold sentence is read: 1. "Meinwerk Bishop HAD OFFERED GOLD TO CHRIST." 2. "THIS THE CHURCH SPENT FOR COMMON USES." 3. "Tietmar RETURNED IT TO THE CHURCH, FOR THE WORK OF THIS CROSS AND CHALICE, FOR THE REDEMPTION OF THE JERUSALEM PILGRIMAGE." 4. "WHICH IF ANYONE TAKES AWAY, LET HIM BE ANATHEMA." But these things seem to be understood thus, that Meinwerk once gave gold for sacred use; the Church spent it for common use; Tietmar repaid it, fulfilling the will of the donor, known to himself and to the Church.

* Busdorf, College of Canons. LIFE By an Anonymous Author of Abdinghof. From our manuscript and a double edition. Meinwerk, Bishop of Paderborn in Westphalia (Bl.) BHL Number: 5884

FROM THE MANUSCRIPTS. CHAPTER I.

The institution of the Bishopric of Paderborn, over which Meinwerk presided as the tenth: his birth, studies, clericate in the court of Otto III.

[1] After the faith was widely spread After the Mediator of God and men deigned to take flesh, and to undergo the cross for the salvation of all; the disciples, chosen and beloved by him, after his glorious ascension, comforted by the visitation and consolation of the Holy Spirit, and imbued with all knowledge of the truth, according to his promise; that through them might be saved, before the consummation of the world, those who were preordained to be saved by grace before the foundation of the world. By the urgency of whose preaching, innumerable thousands of many men were converted to God; and having recognized the faith of the Christian religion, they rejected the cult of the ancient superstition. Into the unity of which faith, when the peoples of diverse lands and tongues were eagerly and salutarily coming together, there came together also, by the great clemency of the merciful Savior, and the diligent urgency of Charlemagne's manifold labor, the Saxon nation: which he compelled to believe the more difficultly, the more that kind of men was by nature of mind more ferocious. the Saxons being converted, But subjected to the yoke of faith, it became tributary to the Priests, which rashly had exacted the tributes of others; and it began to bestow for the love of Christ on Christians its own, which it was wont to live by the plunder of others. Hence the temples of idols are destroyed, and oratories of the Saints are built; the bounds of parishes are marked out; titles of Episcopal Sees are established in suitable places: in which the people, still rude in faith, lest they slide back to their former perfidy, might be imbued with salutary admonitions, and the multitude of those serving God might be increased daily in number and merit.

[2] But among all the places destined for establishing principal Churches, by a certain special dignity the See of Paderborn pre-eminated; which, always marked with the titles of great men, Paderborn is given a Bishop, Hathumarus: before the other lands lying round about on every side, excelled in the frequent and varied diversity of its woods, the fertility of its fields, with the fruitfulness of all crops, the breadth and incomparable pleasantness of the most healthful springs flowing together into one place there, and the multitude of many other things running together through every neighboring quarter. By whose pleasant amenity, and the placid temperateness of the air, the King delighted, for arranging public affairs there more often stayed; and the foundations of the principal church being laid with royal magnificence, with a great token of his love toward God, such a place acquired by right of war, he assigned rather to ecclesiastical than to his own service. But since of the newly made conversion the harvest was much, but of the new planting the workmen were few; he committed that same place to the protection of the Prelates of the Church of Würzburg, under whose rule its state neither prospered, nor by the long intervening distance of the way, and the public necessity of various affairs, could prosper. Whence the King, with his men, counsel being held and entered upon, adjudged that same place to be protected and governed by the vigilance of its own Pastor: and set over it in the year, after the Savior of the world deigned to be born of the virgin, seven hundred ninety-five, a Canon of the aforesaid Church of Würzburg, to cultivate the field of the people still rude in faith, Hathumarus: in the fourth year of whose Pontificate, but in the seven hundred ninety-ninth of the Lord's Incarnation, the vicar of the blessed Apostle Peter, Leo, the third of that name, under whom Pope Leo consecrates an altar in the year 799, having suffered the unjust hatreds of his fellow citizens, came in Paderborn to King Charles; and received as was fitting, with immense honor and glory, he confirmed by Apostolic authority the religious and salutary zeal of spreading Christianity nobly begun; and in the crypt newly constructed there, consecrating a certain altar, he placed in it, for the privilege of Apostolic consecration, the adorable relics of the Protomartyr Stephen, which he had brought with him from Rome. May such an increase of the foundation of the Church of Paderborn, by Apostolic blessing as much as by Imperial sanction, receive through the ages of ages the augmentation of all virtues with the love of God and neighbor; and may Peter become for it the Rock of the Church, a firmament against the gates of all errors, that it may grow into a holy temple in the Lord, the building constructed upon his foundation. Eph. 2:21

[3] But blessed Hathumarus, in the ninth year of his Episcopate, Baduradus is appointed in his place of the Lord's Incarnation eight hundred fourth, being withdrawn from this light; and assumed to perennial life, as we believe; there succeeded him an excellent man named Baduradus: who, sprung from a noble lineage of the Saxons, had been chosen from the Clergy of the aforesaid Church of Würzburg. He, by the merit of his excellent nobility of manners, magnanimity, and industry, having intimately obtained the familiarity of King Charles, deserved with him a place of such great dignity and love, that there was at hand for him no less ability than will of amplifying, advancing, and adorning the Church committed to him: whence he withdrew nothing of his labor and zeal, from acquiring and procuring all things which he recognized as pertaining there to the increase of divine praise, and the utility of the Christian people; namely to construct churches with speed throughout his whole parish; to raise the principal basilica with immense beauty and grand work; to adorn in various ways all things pertaining to it; to augment the Clergy; to institute monastic discipline; to nourish boys, both noble and of lower condition, gathered into a school, in the erudition of the divine law. In the tenth year of his Pontificate, of the Lord's Incarnation eight hundred fourteenth, the glorious Emperor Charles, father of the fatherland, Apostle of the Saxon nation, in the forty-sixth year of his reign, from the founding of the city of Rome one thousand five hundred sixty-seventh, he greatly adorns the church; migrated from this light; about to have the glory of eternal life, and perpetual memory among those to come, for the manifold zeal of his indefatigable labor, by which he advanced and extended the bounds of the Christian religion. But Baduradus, the venerable Pontiff, an imitable artificer of virtues, happily consummating what he had usefully begun, in the year of his Episcopate forty-eighth migrated to the Lord: and after him for twenty-six years Luithardus ruled the people of the city already named and to be named. Then after seven others Succeeding him, by name Biso, presided over that same Church for twenty-three years; and after him Thiedericus ruled the same for nine years. Succeeding in the sixth place, Unwanus was Bishop for nineteen years; and in the seventh, by name Dudo, for twenty-five years. About to teach the people the virtues of the eight beatitudes, in the eighth place for twenty-seven years presided Folcmarus; and there succeeded, about to gather the excellence of his counsel scattered abroad for twenty-eight years, Retharius. In the tenth place, the author and accomplisher of great works for himself and his people, Meinwerk succeeded usefully; who attained the perfection of the legal decalogue or of spiritual grace happily, through the love of God and neighbor. The proclamations of his praises and merits, with others and before others, let the Church receive, persevering in the love and devotion of him, Meinwerk succeeds as the 10th Bishop, to whose honor and advancement he applied himself. These things therefore it is fitting to make truly known to posterity, and that the souls of the faithful be roused by the examples of those before them; that those who desire to attain the heights of virtue may recognize the steps of the most happy ascent.

[4] Germany, after lower Scythia, taking its beginning from the river Danube, ends at the Rhine; a land rich and populous, gainful alike and warlike. This, by the skill of the elders distinguished by a twofold division, has its upper boundary near the northern Ocean; its lower, around the Rhine; making its end at the sea, which is stretched before the shores of Gaul and Britain, from which on every side the way out to all lands lies open. At the northern tract of this lower Germany is the boundary of the diocese of Utrecht, nobly born in the diocese of Utrecht, a place gainful by the traffic of ships and merchandise; distinguished and famous for the glory of great and noble men, which they magnanimously obtained in the defense of their nation and fatherland. Of whose noble lineage there was born Imed, in the same province: who, made the legitimate and strenuous heir of the virtue and probity of his elders, administered a County in his time in the parts of that same province. He, desiring that the line of so great nobility be propagated, and the memory of his name and the glory of his posterity be ennobled; with manifold furniture of riches, and the revenue of possessions and estates, took a noble wife from the land of Saxony, by name Athela: of whom in the course of time he begot Thiedericus, and Meinwerk, Glismod and Azela. But Thiedericus was designated heir of the paternal dignity and faculty; and enrolled in the Clergy of Halberstadt: Meinwerk in the church of Blessed Stephen the Protomartyr in the city of Halberstadt was offered by his parents to the office of the Clericate; but Azela, about to follow the Lamb in emulation of chastity, is associated with the company of the Nuns in the church of the precious Martyr Vitus at Elten; but Glismod, about to attain the thirtieth fruit of matronly modesty, is joined in matrimony to a certain noble prince in Bavaria. Meinwerk therefore, to be imbued with liberal studies and spiritual disciplines, in the aforesaid church of Halberstadt accomplished the rudiments of his more tender age; but of his more advanced age, in the church of Hildesheim: where Henry, son of the duke of Bavaria Henry, with very many others, about to profit in their time the honor and adornment of the Church of Christ, gave continual effort with him to the studies of theory. But how free and untouched by vices, both in his boyish and in his youthful age, he lived; what manner and how great a man, among his coevals, by the sincerity of his life and the probability of his manners, he conversed, it is not fitting to color him with various dyes of praise sought here and there; since by the proofs of his works it afterward evidently shone, what manner of foundation of his house the wisdom of God placed in him. But received from the schools, he lived in the aforesaid church of Halberstadt under the Provost of the canonical law; dear and amiable to all, in aspect and conversation affable, in act and speech irreproachable.

[5] At that time Otto the second of that name strenuously governed the monarchy of the Roman Empire; whence by Otto III, having begun to reign after his father's death, strenuous in arms, Catholic in faith; no less devoted to divine than to human affairs. Who, after on the 3rd of the Ides of July, fighting most perilously against the Saracens in Calabria, many of his men being lost, he himself scarcely escaped alive; on the seventh of the Ides of December of the following year, namely of the Lord's Incarnation nine hundred eighty-third, of his reign the tenth, in the twelfth Indiction, died, and left his son of the same name as successor, Henry duke of Bavaria, who in the prior year, his uncle Otto the Duke being dead, had obtained the Duchy, invading the kingdom, but, conquered, desisting. But the boy King at the next Nativity of the Lord, on that very holy day, consecrated King at Aachen by the unction of John Archbishop of Ravenna, imitated in all things the traces of his father's virtue and industry; no less humbly serving the Christian religion, than skillfully pressing on the affairs of the kingdom. But Meinwerk, born of royal stock, is adjudged suitable for royal service by his elegance of manners; and summoned to the Palace, is made a royal Chaplain; that, by God's ordaining, he might become more widely known, who was to be more widely sought; and that he might become in affairs both spiritual and secular more learned by age, taken on as a Chaplain, more practiced by use, wiser by the course of time. In whom, since he conducted himself irreproachably, both the royal highness and the multitude of nobles revered him: inasmuch as his humility served his benevolence, his affability tempered his gravity; in whose mouth there was truth and sweetness; in whose heart, piety and gentleness; in whose manners, both knowledge of words and concord of works reigned. Let external things be omitted: for it is permitted, in the consideration of his singularity, to pass over the common things. To be exalted before his fellows in the house of the Lord, he was first to be adorned with the participation of the Holy Spirit: that is, that he should be provident in discretion, eminent in action, approved in manners, perfect in virtue, common in humility, singular in compassion, gentle in mildness, on account of his notable probity grave in authority, lovable in patience, terrible in punishment for the zeal of justice. Who had a breast of counsel, the keenness of a lively talent, the Attic flowers of a flourishing genius, besides innumerable others like these; on which it is not fitting to dwell, lest the mere assertion of truth seem to have aimed at something beyond the truth. But the King, wisely observing the marks of such virtues, and judging him worthy to be honored with royal liberality, by the intervention of Gepta the venerable Abbess, gave him two royal manses in Lutterun, he was given some estates. in the district called Wentsgot; in the Burgward of Daleheim too, in the County of Count Herieldus; concerning which he ordered a precept of royal grant and confirmation to be written and delivered to him; bearing witness worthy of report to his sincere love, namely that he loved his life as his own.

NOTES, G. H. & D. P.

CHAPTER II.

The Bishopric of Paderborn restored in many ways by Bishop Retharius, Bl. Meinwerk contributing somewhat.

[6] Bishop Retharius takes care to fortify his Church with a Pontifical privilege: At that time Retharius, the venerable Bishop of the Church of Paderborn, among very many others, who, endowed with knowledge, adorned with manners, strenuously aided the secondary parts of the Kingdom, shone forth: who held the name of Bishop by office, fulfilled it by manners. Finally, by ever-watchful care, attending to the flock committed to him, in gathering the scattered, in conserving the gathered, he gave continual effort: and from the same King Otto and other faithful he acquired no small gifts at various times. But wishing his Church, founded upon the Apostolic rock, to be more closely fortified by the protection of Apostolic guardianship; he sought and obtained a privilege of Apostolic confirmation, concerning the goods and rights of his Church, from Pope John, the eighteenth of that name, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 990, the third of his Episcopate, the fourth Indiction, so that if ever the ram of worldly turbulence should assail it with its horns, repelled by the strength of so great authority, it might shatter like ice. The election also of Bishops, to be made among and by the sons of the same Church, which various Kings at various times liberally and lawfully granted them, namely Charles the Fat, by the intervention of Biso Bishop of Paderborn, on the sixth of the Ides of December in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 885, the fourth Indiction; in the ninth year from when, his father Louis the second of that name being dead, he had begun to contend with his brothers Carloman and Louis over the kingdom; in the fifth from when, Carloman being dead, he had been anointed Emperor by Pope John; in the fourth from when, his brother Louis being dead on the 13th of the Kalends of February, he undertook the monarchy of the whole kingdom, none resisting; and Otto the second of that name, on the 15th of the Kalends of February, at the request of Folcmarus Bishop of the same city, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 974, of his election the 14th, of his Empire the first, of his Reign the seventh, the fourth Indiction) the same Pope confirmed by the same privilege: that if ever anyone should enter into the sheepfold of the sheep otherwise than by the door, he should be subject to excommunication. But what manner of intention the Bishop had in such zeals, but in the year 1000, it being burned, adversity proved: which not less sluggishly, nay much more urgently, in adverse than in prosperous things, showed truly that he faithfully and usefully provided for the Church committed to him in all things. Finally, by whatever judgment of God, whether the malice of the inhabitants requiring it, or God thereby consulting for the salvation of mortals, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation one thousand, of the Ordination of the same Bishop Retharius the nineteenth, of the reign of Otto III the seventeenth, of his Empire the fourth, the 13th Indiction, the city of Paderborn is first laid waste by fire; and the noble monastery of the principal Church, of excellent work and beauty, founded by Charlemagne, and consummated by Bishop Baduradus of blessed memory, and dedicated on the 14th of the Kalends of November, with its books, privileges, planeria, and other ornaments of the Church, was almost entirely burned up.

[7] In that same year the Emperor, in the Lenten time, for the sake of prayer entered Slavia to St. Adalbert, and there, a Synod being assembled, disposed seven Bishoprics; and constituted there as Archbishop Gaudentius the Monk, brother of Bl. Adalbert Archbishop of Prague, the aid of the Emperor and the Pope being implored, who three years before had been martyred by the Prussians. Thence passing through Italy he entered Rome, and there fittingly celebrated the Nativity of the Lord. Bishop Retharius therefore, the opportunity of place and time being seized, in which both before the authority of the Apostolic See, and before the Imperial majesty, he might bewail the calamities of his Church, messengers being sent, made known to both what had happened: and sought that they would renew the constitutions of his predecessors concerning the immunity of that same Church, and confirm them renewed by the authority of their own precepts. They, the burning of the Church and city being heard, intimately grieved with him; and most kindly assenting to the one asking, confirmed all things which had hitherto served the honor or use of that same Church. Namely concerning the state of the Bishopric; concerning the protection and guardianship of the Holy Church of God and of the perpetual Virgin Mary; concerning the Tithes; concerning all property pertaining to the same Church; concerning the election of Bishops, to be made among the Clerics of the same Church; concerning its men, both free and servile, to be constrained by no judiciary person, except before the Advocate whom the Bishop himself shall have chosen; concerning the property of Clerics, if any of them should die without an heir, granted to the same Church; he consults by the renewal of rights; concerning the Counties over the districts of Patherga, Aga, Threveresga, Auga, Sorethfelt, given for the Tithes of New Corvey, pertaining to the monastery; concerning the three manses in Thiusburg, and in Trutmannia; concerning the forest, which begins from the river Delchana, and extends through Osnig, Ardenna, and Sinethi, as far as the road which leads to Helmarshausen. These therefore and all other things, which that Church on the day when it was burned had, or thereafter shall have, confirming; confirmed by the hands of their Notaries and Chancellors, under firm corroboration and the impression of their seals, they strengthened; and, given at Rome on the Kalends of January, they transmitted them to the Bishop and his Church, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1001, of the Pontificate of Pope Silvester the second, of the reign of King Otto III the eighteenth, of his Empire the fifth, the 14th Indiction.

[8] In that year the King, staying in the parts of Italy, was overtaken by the danger of death: which assuredly he would have lacked at that time, if he had been willing to obey the admonitions of Bl. Heribert Archbishop of Cologne. But the occasion of that death was this. Five years before, namely in the year of the Lord's Incarnation nine hundred ninety-sixth, and Otto III dying in Italy, the King came to Rome to mitigate the savagery of Crescentius; and the tumult that arose being fittingly quieted, Pope John being deceased, he placed Bruno surnamed Gregory, son of Otto the Duke, in his See, and received from him the Imperial unction. But the Emperor having departed from Rome, in the next year, by the counsel of Crescentius, John Bishop of Piacenza, against the will of the Emperor, invaded the Apostolic See. Whence the Emperor again coming to Rome, in the next year deposed the aforesaid John the invader, blinded and with his nose cut off, and ordered Crescentius with twelve of his men, beheaded, to be hung up before the city. But Bruno, who is also Gregory, is restored by him: but after his departure, expelled by the Romans, and then destroyed by poison, after he had ruled the Roman Church almost two years and nine months, dies on the fourth of the Ides of March: and Gerbert, who is also called Silvester, is chosen as his successor. The King therefore, with that Pope Silvester, the Nativity of the Lord being celebrated at Todi, when he had fittingly composed the confusion made both in the Church of blessed Peter and in the Commonwealth, fell into the snares of an evil woman; namely of her, whose husband Crescentius, rebelling against him, captured, he had ordered to undergo capital sentence: whom, of most elegant form, too unwisely associating to his bed, not guarding against her, although by the holy man Heribert he had often been admonished, sleeping within the chamber, he was infected with poison. And on the following day, having confessed to Bl. Heribert the plague which he had received, when he had felt himself dying, he begged that his body be transferred to Aachen to be buried: and so having entered Paterno, with the general grief of all, on the ninth of the Kalends of February he died.

[9] But before the succession of the future Prince, the kingdom was exceedingly confused; and among the Princes there sounded the storm of a violent commotion, on account of the ambition of empty domination: of whom Ekkihardus the Margrave, usurper of the kingdom, slain at Pöhlde, fell; and Conrad, one of the chief men, expelled from the kingdom, was for some time in exile from it: by his successor St. Henry, Herimann too, Duke of Swabia, was not free from so great discord, who, while he himself wished to reign, was a hindrance to the general election. A certain prince too, by name Bruno, wished to obtain the summit of the kingdom; but failing of effect, many votes not favoring him, and especially Berenward of blessed memory, Bishop of the Church of Hildesheim, he inflicted many evils on his men and goods, but the Most High calming things, and by the mediation of Willigis Archbishop of Mainz, Henry the Bavarian Duke, according to worldly dignity most wealthy, and not slightly instructed in the studies of letters, and what is greater than these, a man eminent in all ecclesiastical perfection, is chosen; and, the Regalia being returned by St. Heribert Bishop of Cologne (who therefore was not present at the election, because he was occupied in burying the body of the deceased Prince) at Mainz on the eighth Sunday of Pentecost, by Willigis Archbishop of the same city he is ordained. In the same year, the new king celebrating the Nativity of Lawrence in the city of Paderborn, the Lady Chunigunda, his, as was thought, wife, but in very truth in emulation of chastity his sister, by the aforesaid Willigis Archbishop of Mainz, obtained there the dominion of royal consecration: which came to that same Church for the increase of honor, and the advancement of great beauty, by the mercy of God.

[10] In that same year Wotelolffus Bishop of Osnabrück died, and to him there succeeded Thetmarus, a good and just man, strong, pious, and moderate. This man, made a Prelate, fulfilled the acts of a Prelate, As is plain in his deeds, his writings there too. Finally, founding in honor of John the Baptist A certain Church, as a suppliant he dedicated the same, In the year one thousand twice five and one above, From when the Word of the Father took the foreskin of flesh, Which is known to be nearest to the See of Osnabrück, Granting to himself for continual hours the pledge of honor. Here at the Church, by himself so diligently made, He established, for all the years pressing on after these, At the coming of the sacred Birthday of his Patron, That a brotherly bond of sacred joy be held; And that the wretched there be refreshed in the love of God, And that, from the wax bestowed by the gift of the Brethren, A candle be made in honor of the blessed Baptist. But Meinwerk, to the new king both by nearness of flesh and by sincerity of life now long most well-known, of dear became dearest; and he was made for him in public and private affairs a most inseparable companion. he acquires some estates, But the King, not having and not disposed to have children, continually watched over the exaltation of the Churches of God; and burning with desire of eternity, dispensed to them temporal goods with liberal hand for acquiring eternal ones. As he was skillfully going about the parts of his kingdom, and wisely disposing all things necessary and useful everywhere, there met him on the 17th of the Kalends of October Bishop Retharius, in the place which is called Bochbardun; and, making known the ruins of his Church, he obtained the defense of royal protection for the forest, which begins from the river Delchana, and extends through Osninge and Sinithe, as far as the road which leads to Horhusen, and concerning the men of the Church committed to him, both free and servile, to be constrained by no judiciary person, except the Advocate chosen by the Bishop, in the very first year of his reign, of the Lord's Incarnation one thousand and second, the 15th Indiction.

[11] In the next year thereafter, of the Lord's Incarnation one thousand and third, the first Indiction, the King coming to Quedlinburg, the Bishop met him again, and lamentably complaining of the burning of his Church, those things which the Lord Apostolic and his predecessor had confirmed, and the confirmation of the privileges. he earnestly begged and obtained to be confirmed and the confirmed to be strengthened by a precept-page. Because therefore the ways of the King pleased the Lord, he turned his enemies to grace: of whom Herimann duke of Swabia submitted himself to him, and by the intervention of the Princes remained in his honor, and several others who had not consented to his election. But giving the Duchy of Bavaria to Henry, brother of the Lady Chunigunda his consort, he incurred the offense of his brother Bruno, who therefrom, moved more than justly, with Henry son of Count Bertold, with both of the Boleslavs of the Slavs, namely the Polish and the Bohemian, faithlessly revolted from the King. But Henry fleeing back to the King, is given into custody at Giebichenstein: but Bruno in the next year, by the intervention of the Lady Gisla his mother, is reconciled to the King. In the second year after these, Meinwerk adds one of his own. of the Lord's Incarnation one thousand and fifth, the third Indiction, on the eighth of the Kalends of November the Bishop came to the King, in the place which is called Corvey; and complaining of the exceeding penury of his Church, and suppliantly demanding the help of royal consolation. But the King not having at hand what he might give, Meinwerk his Chaplain, now demonstrating the flames of his inward love by the showing of works, conferred on the King an estate, situated in the village of Bochinevordi in the county of Count Luidolph: which the King himself gave to the Bishop and his Church as their own, on this condition, that the aforesaid Bishop, as long as he lived, should possess this in his own power and service: but his times finished, Bishop Retharius dies in the year 1009. it should pertain to the stipends of the Brethren, serving God and St. Liborius in the Church of Paderborn. When therefore the venerable Bishop was urging on these and such works of mercy, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation one thousand and nine, of his Episcopate the 28th, of King Henry the seventh, on the day before the Nones of March, which in that year was the Saturday before "Invocavit," he was led out from the prison of the flesh, and from the valley of this misery and tribulation assumed, as we believe, to the joy of eternal consolation.

NOTES, G. H. & D. P.

CHAPTER III.

Meinwerk, made Bishop, advances the state of the Church in spiritual and temporal things.

[12] At that time, the King staying at Goslar, the Church immediately directed its legates to him, who should both announce the death of the Bishop, Meinwerk endowed with the Bishopric, and suppliantly implore the consolation of his clemency concerning a suitable successor: which mournful legation the King having heard, he wept for such and so great a man with worthy grief, and commended his soul to the divine piety with the due commemoration of Masses and alms. After these, the Bishops and Princes who were present being summoned, he held counsel concerning a successor in such suitable place and time: and many having long been examined and inspected, he declared Meinwerk suitable, both by the greatness of his noble birth, and by the multitude of his temporal goods and faculties. Immediately, all favoring and congratulating, he summoned Meinwerk; and smiling on him with accustomed benevolence, taking a glove, "Receive," he said. To him, asking what he was to receive? "The Bishopric," said the King, "of the Church of Paderborn." But he saying, that he might proceed to restore the collapsed one, what that Bishopric should owe to him, who from his own goods was able to construct a more excellent one? "Because this," said the King, "I truly consider, therefore I desire mercifully to relieve its poverty, that you may merit to become its coheir in heaven, whose pious mother on earth you shall have made your heir." But he cheerfully, "I," I say, "will undertake the Bishopric with that hope and condition." Showing clearly, that he had simply objected not from contempt of poverty, or appetite of a more eminent see or dignity, but from the affection of greater utility.

[13] he is consecrated on the 2nd Sunday of Lent There therefore at Goslar, on the next Sunday by Willigis Archbishop of Mainz and the other Bishops who were present, he is consecrated; the Office, which likewise is entitled of the Sunday, agreeing with his election and consecration. For that is the second Sunday of Lent, which in the order and reckoning of the seven Sundays, signifying the seven ages of the world, stands fifth, and by a beautiful and reasonable disposition, is vacant: signifying the fifth age of the world, when, the temple of God being destroyed, and his people led away into Babylon, lacking a Priest, a Leader, a lawful Altar, it was vacant from the praise of the Lord, not having what, or with what, or where it might sing the words of the songs of the Lord. To which captivity in the Gospel of that same Sunday most aptly agrees the daughter of the Canaanite woman vexed by a demon. Because as Nabuchodonosor, holding the type of the devil, despoiled the temple of God, and captivated his people; so the devil by himself the daughter of the Canaanite woman, when fittingly was recited the Gospel concerning the Canaanite woman: surely the temple of God, captivated, and delivered to his most atrocious dominion and mockery. There intervened the faith of the Patriarchs and the merit of Daniel and his companions, that that people might be loosed from the Babylonian captivity; the Canaanite woman cried with faith and a great voice, the holy Apostles interceding, that her daughter might be freed from the demon. As much therefore of the Babylonian captivity, as of the Gospel woman, through the whole Office of that Mass most rightly represented the form, did the Church of Paderborn; which, laid waste by fire, widowed of the solicitude of a pious Pastor, in its necessities faithfully cried for a suitable successor; and by urgently crying, him who, according to the will of God abstaining from fornication, had possessed his vessel in sanctification and honor, by the intervention and counsel of the Princes happily obtained; through whom not only might it be refreshed from the crumbs which fall from the table of the lords, but might also be most abundantly refreshed by the most ample delicacies of feasts.

[14] Solemnly therefore consecrated, with worthy honor he is led to Paderborn with a concourse and meeting of every age and dignity, and received: and truly having entered by the royal way into the sheepfold of the sheep through the door, he is enthroned in the Episcopal seat. Therefore adorned with the insignia of the Pontificate, he continually watched over the care of the flock committed to him; and fearing the mark of the evil and slothful servant, who laid up in a napkin the money of his lord, he did nothing slackly. To his heart and body outwardly, for the general governance of the clergy and people, and led to Paderborn, by Episcopal watchfulness, he skillfully toiled; but inwardly, for the salvation of all, by vigils and fasts and the sacrifices of prayers he supplicated God unceasingly. For the lamp, placed in the house of the Lord above the candelabrum, burned in itself, with the love of God and neighbor; it shone for others, by the diligent showing of that same light. Finally, for attaining the crown of immortality, he conferred on the Churches the temporal goods which he had possessed by hereditary right, or had obtained by the manifold labor of continual service: which, as they hinder some from salvation by evil use, so they promote others to salvation by good use. He constructed the principal Church with immense expense and singular magnificence: which on the third day of his arrival, the little work, begun by his predecessor and negligently consummated only up to the windows, being cast down, he begins the new Cathedral, he erected from the foundations quickly and eagerly. But while the workmen were skillfully pressing on the work on a certain day, there came a certain unknown man, who saluted the Bishop standing by as a suppliant, and humbly offered him his service: whom the Bishop asking, what craft of service he knew? he professes himself both a mason and a carpenter; and soon by the Bishop is bidden to make a nail, then by chance necessary for joining timbers. Which being done with swift speed and swift agility of body, fittingly and suitably, he is set to cooperate with the workers, and his craft being proved and approved with all experience, in which he honorably entombs a diligent worker; he is set by the Bishop over the whole work. Who not long after dying, the Bishop commended his stranger with a worthy office of burial, ordering a monument to be made for him in the crypt beside the wall, placing at his head his trowel and hammer for a monument to posterity; by the excellence of so great humility and piety acquiring for himself great benevolence of those working and serving him.

[15] he visits the diocese: But individual masters being set over the work, he himself turns to disposing the rest of the affairs of the bishopric, namely to traverse frequently the boundaries of his diocese; to investigate skillfully whether the faith of the faithful accorded with their hope, whether their hope accorded with the deed; to confirm things well done, to reform things neglected; to admonish those acting well that they might profit unto better, to urge the negligent in season and out of season that they might come to their senses; finally, made all things to all, he was solicitous for all things necessary to their soul and body. To the chief and greater men showing himself for awe and honor; to his subjects, according to each one's merit, for fear alike and love. But eyed before and behind, that he might so bear the solicitude of inward and spiritual things, as yet not to neglect the providence of exterior things for supplying the necessities of his subjects. The affairs of the kingdom, as he was compelled, he began to serve: rendering to God the things that are God's; and to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, that he might profit the Church committed to him, where the opportunity of place and time should offer itself. But continually pressing on the King, that he might succor the Church committed to him, which had lamentably suffered burning, he is aided by the favor of the Emperor: according to the promise by which he had committed it to him, the King mercifully assented; and pitying the poverty of the aforesaid Church, conferred on it many goods both in estates and in other faculties, with liberal hand and full charity, for the love of God and the assiduous and most devout service of the Bishop dear to him. But staying more often in the city of Paderborn, he was a helper and cooperator of his works and zeals; the venerable Chunigunda the Queen favoring and urging in all things, in whom there was always no less will than ability, in amplifying and bettering the Churches of God.

[16] At a certain time therefore staying there, Bl. Heimeradus, born of Swabia, by voluntary poverty for Christ an exile and pilgrim, came thither: and him, with a pale face, Bl. Heimeradus being treated injuriously, and the leanness of a tall body, and deformed by the vileness of his garments, the Bishop, as he saw, "whence did that devil emerge?" he asked. But he, when he had humbly and patiently said that he was not a devil, the Bishop asked, whether he were a Priest? But when he learned that he had celebrated the divine Mysteries that day, he immediately ordered the books, in which he had sung, to be brought to him. Which, looking at them as unkempt and neglected and of no weight or value, he caused at that same moment to be thrown into the fire: and ordered him, by the command of the Queen, the Bishop, as it seemed, sympathizing with just zeal, to be beaten with blows. After these a certain Count named Duodiche, from the mountain which is called Wartberg, the festivity of St. Andrew the Apostle coming on, invited the Bishop to a banquet. But when the Count had invited Bl. Heimeradus too, and on the vigil of that same Apostle had made him sit at the supper opposite the Bishop; the Bishop, disturbed, asked what a man of such great prudence wanted with himself in his presence or company? and blazing up with many injuries of words against him, and with marvelous patience he called him a fool and an apostate. But Bl. Heimeradus bearing all things patiently and silently for the love of God, the Count answered, that he had not known that he had any controversy against him: and he began with gentle and humble words to mitigate the Bishop's mind, and for the man of God, since for the merit of his life he greatly venerated him, more earnestly to ask pardon. But the Bishop persisted in his opinion, unable to be appeased by any prayers, so that by the obstinacy of so great excess, it might afterward become for him a guard of humility; and in a man of such great nobility and dignity, satisfaction voluntarily shown to an inferior might be commended by the discerning as an example of humility, which would scarcely seem imitable to the greater by inferiors by the right of subjection.

[17] Finally, since by men he was thought a Saint, he said that he wished to test his sanctity: and proved in obedience, and immediately before all, he enjoined him, under threat of blows, to sing the Alleluia at Mass the next day. And when the Count, by earnestly supplicating for him, and asking of him the remission of this action, did nothing but add oil to the furnace; at night, the morning praises being finished, he took the man of God more secretly, and consoling him, besought him not to flee from temptations, the purgings of holy men, but at least beginning in the name of the holy Trinity, to commit the rest to God. Who much resisting, and demanding to be dismissed to his little lodging, overcome by many prayers, at last acquiesced. he falls suppliant at his feet: And the hour coming, when the Bishop could in no way be drawn back from the sentence of his purpose, he went forth: he began, solemnly and joyfully sang it through; so much that all who were present marveled; and confessed that they had never heard from the mouth of any man a sweeter melody. But the Bishop, the Mass finished, took the man of God more secretly; and fell at his feet, and humbly asking pardon for the things committed against him and swiftly obtaining it, was thereafter a perpetual and faithful friend to him. The castle of Warburg But the Bishop, considering that same castle, vast by its fortification, useful to the Church of Paderborn, in whose diocese it stands, for ornament and fortification, but by the situation of the place in waters, woods, pastures, in every way suitable, urged the Count in various ways for the sale of it or its voluntary surrender: but he, disposing to make his son, born of a concubine whom he had taken, his heir, did not give ear to the salutary admonitions.

[18] In the second year therefore of his Pontificate, of the Lord's Incarnation 1010, the 8th Indiction, Ansfridus the venerable Bishop of Utrecht, whose marvelous proclamations of praises are found in his deeds, is raised to the heavenly life, and Adelboldus is substituted for him. In the following year on the 7th of the Kalends of March, Willigis Archbishop of Mainz, most worthy of all memory, in the thirty-sixth year of his Episcopate, after the burning of the monastery of Mainz honorably constructed by him (which happened on the 3rd of the Kalends of September), holily migrated to Christ, and into his place Erkinbaldus Abbot of Fulda entered. On the next fifth thereafter of the Ides of February, Bernard the pious Duke of Saxony, son of Duke Herimann, died: and his son Bernard, Bishop Meinwerk and his friends favoring him, obtained the Duchy; and made the Bishop's man, showed him continual service in all fidelity. The brother too of the aforesaid Duke Bernard, Count Luitder, died on the next 4th of the Kalends of April, who with his wife Emma, and he acquires several other estates: a most Christian Senatress, conferred many goods on the Church of Bremen. After these, on the 4th of the Ides of April, on the feast of Bl. Gregory, the Bishop came with the King into the royal village which is called Trebur; where he gave as his own the county which Haold while he lived held, situated in the places Haverga, Limga, Thiatmalli, Aga, Patherga, Treveresga, Langaneka, Erpesfeld, Silbiki, Matfeld, Niterga, Sinatfeld, Ballevan near Spriada, Gambeke, Gession, Siwardeshusun with all legality. After Pentecost he came to Helmwardeshusun, and the monastery, which Count Ekkihardus had constructed on the estate of his own property, in honor of the holy and undivided Trinity, and of the holy Savior, and of the most victorious Cross, and of St. Mary perpetual Virgin, and of St. Peter Prince of the Apostles, and of all the Apostles and all the Saints, on the Nones of June he dedicated.

[19] In the following year, on the day before the Nones of January, Lubentius h Archbishop of Bremen, died, and to him i Unwan, a Canon of the Church of Paderborn, with the favor of Bishop Meinwerk, He promotes Unwan to the Bishopric of Bremen. succeeded. This man, acceptable to all men, and exceedingly benevolent to the Clergy, among countless monuments of pious memory, conferred upon the Canons of the Church of B. Peter, the Patron of that place, a certain estate, Borengun, that its service might be rendered through the feast-days of the Apostles. In the southern part of the choir, he built an altar in honor of S. Liborius his patron and dedicated it. He was the first of all to draw the congregations, which formerly indeed lived in a mixed manner of life of Monks or Canons, to the Canonical rule; he cut down the groves in his Bishopric, in which the Marsh-dwellers of that region used to sacrifice in the old error together with a false profession of Christianity; he converted many of the Heathen in Denmark and the neighboring Northern parts to Christ; he founded and dedicated many Churches in his diocese; and for the obtaining of the joys of eternal life he toiled with all vigilance and diligence, as long as he served as a soldier in this frail body. On the eighteenth of the Kalends of February, in the said year of the Lord's Incarnation k 1013, the King came to Mühlhausen; where, by the intervention of Queen Cunigunde, of Everhard Bishop of Bamberg, He is present at the Dedication of the monastery of Bamberg. of Egilbert of Freising, he granted the estate of Hoenstide, situated in the district of Kittiga in the county of Count Bernhard, to Bishop Meinwerk, with all the profits and appurtenances with which Unwan Archbishop of Bremen had possessed it, and had lawfully given it to him. Thence the King turned his journey to Bamberg, where Everhard, the first Bishop of that See, dedicated the venerable monastery, a noble and special object of royal devotion, with the assembly and approval of all the Cisalpine Pontiffs, on the second of the Nones of May. The King, moreover, that same Bishopric, which he founded entirely upon his own demesne, its boundaries with the adjacent Bishoprics having been exchanged by lawful barter, handed over by special right to the Roman Church, entitled to the chiefs of the Apostles Peter and Paul, and to the most precious Martyr George, so that he might both render the due honor divinely to the first See, and more firmly fortify his own plantation by so great a patronage.

[20] In the same year l Suitger, the distinguished Prelate of the holy Church of Münster, died on the thirteenth of the Kalends of December, and was buried in the place where he had lived. Death of S. Suitger, Bishop of Münster. This man, Saxon by race, was educated from a boy at Halberstadt and Magdeburg, and was set over the said city by Otto the Third: which when, supported by the divine gift, he ruled with all diligence, he was strong in the excellence of diverse virtues: of which let only these two be related here, by which the others may be truly recognized. His Chamberlain, wishing to conceal a certain cap stealthily stolen away, when diligently questioned by the pious Elder, confessed nothing: but being compelled to take a little knife placed upon the table and blessed from the heart, throwing it down quickly as though it were fiery, he professed before all that he was exceedingly guilty. A certain man seized by a malignant spirit was taken with great violence, and led into the presence of the said Father. Ordering him at once to be loosed, he manfully repulsed with his staff the man rushing upon him alone, and having made the sign of the holy Cross, by divine power he commanded the enemy to depart. So great a man, ascribing this not to his own merits but to the divine power, lived in Christ the days of this life granted to him, ministering to Him as a faithful servant with all zeal. He sat in the Bishopric sixteen years, burdened with a great infirmity, which perfected every kind of virtue; and Thiedericus, bearing the surname m Bonus Are, was substituted in his place.

NOTES OF G. H. AND D. P.

In the year 1009 Easter was celebrated on April 17, and accordingly the 2nd Sunday of Lent fell on March 13, which was only the 9th day from the death of the predecessor: nor is this any wonder, since the Emperor was at Goslar, which is distant from Paderborn only about 30 hours; and reports of bishoprics thus falling vacant are wont to be carried most swiftly to the Court. There was, moreover, formerly great variety concerning the Gospel which on such a Sunday was read in the third Nocturn and in the Sacrifice of the Mass. For in the Ultramontane regions (as the Romans speak), that is, in the Churches of Spain, even the Mozarabic, the Lusitanian, the Gallican, the English, the Belgian, the German, the Polish, and the other Northern ones, was read, and even now at Paderborn is read, the Gospel here cited concerning the Canaanite woman, from chapter 14 of Matthew, which according to the Roman use is now recited on the Fifth Feria after the first Sunday of Lent. We can confirm what has been said from the Missals and Breviaries of those regions, which are in our possession. And there was such a use in the particular monastic Breviaries of the Benedictines, Cistercians, Premonstratensians, Preachers, Carmelites, and it is still in the Breviary of these last, printed in the year 1672. In the ancient Missal of Milan according to the institution of S. Ambrose, printed in the year 1522, the 2nd Sunday of Lent is called the Sunday of Abraham, and the Gospel is recited from chapter 8 of John from verse 31 to the end, where the Jews objected that they were the seed of Abraham; and it ends with the Gospel which is read on Passion Sunday, where there is much discourse about Abraham. But in the ancient Roman Missals and Breviaries the Gospel concerning the Transfiguration of the Lord on Mount Tabor was read, and is still prescribed, from the beginning of Matthew chapter 17, before which some things from the previous day's Gospel were placed in the Breviary of Capua, printed in the year 1489.

CHAPTER IV.

The journey of Meinwerk into Italy with S. Henry the Emperor, and his return to Paderborn.

[21] In the next year a, the King being about to go on an expedition into Italy, that he might receive the consecration as Caesar from the Lord Apostolic, ordered the Princes to assemble in the Castle which b is called Gruona, and on the 8th of the Kalends of May treated there with them of the state of the Kingdom and of necessary matters. The Bishop, about to follow the King into Italy But Bishop Meinwerk, about to go on the expedition with the King, complaining of the poverty of his Church, earnestly asked for the expense of the journey suitable to his labor, and by the intervention of Queen Cunigunde, of Heribert Archbishop of Cologne, of Athalbald of Utrecht, of Thiederic of Münster, of Wiger of Verden, of Thiederic of Metz, of Bernward of Hildesheim, of Thietmar of Osnabrück, He obtains Berneshusen: of Heric of Havelberg, he obtained Berneshusun, situated in the district of Lisga, in the county of Count Udo; with such a precept granted to himself and his Church together with him and dated, that whoever should presume to molest, disturb, or divest the Bishop himself or any of his successors concerning it, being condemned to perpetual anathema, should pay one hundred pounds; fifty to the Royal Chamber, fifty to the same Church. On the same day, place, and year, by the intervention of the oft-named Queen Cunigunde, who is to be named with all merit, with these also collaborating in the same in fraternal charity, Erchanbald Archbishop of Mainz, Bernward of Hildesheim, Thiederic of Münster, Hildiward of Zeitz c, Bishops and Priests of Christ, he obtained a certain royal estate called Moranga, in the district of Morangan, in the county of Count Bernhard; which Unwan Archbishop of Bremen, with the hand of his Advocate Udo, had handed over to the King himself, likewise Moranga. every contradiction of all men being removed; and which the King himself, for the remedy of the soul of his predecessor, Otto the Third of divine memory, Emperor Augustus, and of the safety of his own life and in hope of the future, with all its appurtenances, granted to Bishop Meinwerk on this condition, that he should possess the same estate, as long as he lived, in his own use with full power; but after the end of his life, it should pass to the clothing of the Canons in the Church of Paderborn at the See, serving God and his holy Mother Mary, as also B. Kilian and Liborius, to be improved yearly, should pertain. And if anyone should infringe this donation, he should pay one hundred pounds of gold; fifty to the Church of Paderborn, fifty to the Royal Chamber. O what a token of love, all at once and at one time, in the giver of these things! O what a service of sincere devotion, deserving to receive such and similar things!

Let posterity commend both the giver and the receiver, Placating the Almighty Father with these by pious vows.

[22] The Bishop, therefore, having obtained what he had desired, returned to Paderborn; and his domestic affairs being arranged, and suitable masters set over the works, in the autumn season he set out with the King. The King, moreover, all things being subdued, and the cities which had attempted to rebel reduced to surrender, celebrated the next Nativity of the Lord at Pavia: and setting out thence, he recovered for the Roman empire Apulia, long possessed by the Greeks, d and set over that same province Duke Ismael. The King, Apulia having been subdued, But when he had passed through the cities of Apulia, and had everywhere most prudently arranged what pertained to the honor and benefit of the kingdom; being made ill by the disease of the stone, he could by no art of physicians be cured. But human remedy ceasing, with heart and mind he committed himself to the divine; and ascending Monte Cassino, he suppliantly implored the patronage of S. Benedict and of B. Scholastica his sister, for the attainment of his health, and wonderfully obtained it. At length, his prayer completed, he betook himself to the lodging, and being wearied and weakened he placed himself in the little bed. While he slept, S. Benedict appeared to him, and affirmed that he had been heard by God in whom he had hoped: and with the medicinal iron which he held, opening that part where the stone was lodged, he placed it, plucked out, in the King's hand; and the gap of the wound being healed by a sudden restoration, He visits Monte Cassino and is freed from the stone: he disappeared. But the King, awaking, and considering the stone in his hand, having summoned the Bishops and Princes, showed them the mighty works of God done in himself; and praising God worthily with them, he conferred upon the Brothers, there serving God under the rule of S. Benedict, royal gifts in very many estates and ornaments. From that time and thenceforth the King, with a certain special veneration and devotion, strove to serve S. Benedict and all the followers of the Monastic religion, and to be a kind and devoted father in enlarging and protecting Ecclesiastical things.

[23] He, crowned Emperor at Rome with his consort, Having bidden farewell to the Brothers, departing thence joyful and cheerful, he entered Rome with Lady Cunigunde with great triumph; where, kindly and honorably received by the blessed Benedict the Pope, he related how great mercies and benefits the Lord had conferred upon him through his servant Benedict. The Pope, moreover, giving thanks to God for all his benefits, immolated to God a sacrifice of praise for the safety of the King and of the whole Christian people, and with solemn benediction, amid the inestimable exultation of all the people, consecrated the King as Caesar and Emperor e. At the same time therefore, the King handing over the estate of Bamberg with all its appurtenances to B. Peter, commended it to the Apostolic Prelate to be perpetually defended: and in commemoration of this compact, he established that a white f palfrey with trappings be given each year to the Roman Prelate. He obtained, moreover, by great prayers of humility and of his devotion from the Lord Apostolic, that at an opportune time he should come to Germany, and visit the new plantation of the estate of Bamberg. There the Lord Apostolic kindly received Bishop Meinwerk, The Bishop obtains various Relics from Pope Benedict, by the proclamation of his virtue and excellent piety everywhere held dear and illustrious; and rejoicing and congratulating with him in his most ardent love and devotion toward God, concerning all things which he asked of him, he satisfied him with ready and devoted benevolence of charity. At length, hearing his desire concerning the Relics of the Saints for the construction of Monasteries, he granted two and a half bodies of the seven brothers g sons of S. Felicity, who suffered under the Emperor Antoninus, namely of Philip, Juvenal and Felix; and the skull of S. Blasius h, who under Licinius, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 322, by a glorious passion passed to heaven. Also the arm of S. Minias i, who under Diocletian on the 8th of the Kalends of November suffered, with the Relics of very many other Saints he granted; and a privilege, concerning the goods of his Church granted or to be granted, by Apostolic authority he conferred: which, for a monument to posterity, and a stable safeguard and support of the Church of Paderborn, let it be inserted here, that she herself by examples of so great devotion, for the increase of her security and benefit, may be instructed; but let each of the plunderers, to the heap of his damnation, see and hear, that he may be confounded:

[24] BENEDICT the Bishop, servant of the servants of God, to his beloved son in the Lord, Meinwerk the venerable Bishop of the Church of Paderborn, and to his successors in perpetuity. A desire which is shown to pertain to a religious purpose and to the stability of holy places, as also an ample Bull, is to be fulfilled, God being its author, without any delay of ours; and as often as in certain of its benefits and advantages it demands our assent and the safeguard of the accustomed Apostolic authority, it behooves us in the regard of our kindness to come to its aid, and to make it firm for entire security by reason, that from this both salvation and indemnity may be procured for those venerable places, and to us also the very greatest reward of gain may be inscribed by God the founder of all things in the starry citadels. Therefore, what you have asked of us, that we should confirm and corroborate by Apostolic authority to your Church, everywhere and to your successors in perpetuity, both whatever things have been offered for the redemption of their souls by Emperors or Kings, Dukes, Counts, or by all great and small persons, or exchanged; or all things which you, led by the love of God, have conferred from your own inheritances upon that same your venerable spouse, perpetually, inclined to your prayers, through the tenor of this privilege we confirm and corroborate to your Church, to you, and to your successors, all estates cultivated or uncultivated, as also all things which have been offered to her for the redemption of their souls by Emperors, for the safeguarding of the indemnity of the church of Paderborn, and especially by our most Christian and most serene son, most beloved and most holy Emperor Henry, whether in Counties or wherever they may be, as also all things which by Kings, Dukes, Counts, and great and small persons have been offered to the aforesaid Church. And in like manner we confirm all those places which you yourself, for the redemption of your soul and of your kindred, have conferred upon your aforesaid spouse from your own inheritances: as also those which have been exchanged by any persons. Establishing by Apostolic censure under the interdiction of anathema, that it be lawful to no person ever, great or small, to rise up against this our Apostolic privilege or to gainsay it. But if anyone, which we do not wish, with rash daring should attempt to come or act against the tenor of this our Apostolic precept, piously promulgated by us; let him know himself bound by the chain of the anathema of our Lord and of Peter the prince of the Apostles, and with the devil and his most atrocious pomps, and with Judas the betrayer of our Lord Jesus Christ, to be burned in eternal fire, and at the same time, plunged into the abyss and the chaos of Tartarus, to perish with the impious. But those who with pious regard shall have been keepers and observers of this our salutary precept, let them deserve to obtain the grace of benediction and heavenly retributions and eternal joys, from the very judge the Lord our God. Written by the hands of Benedict the Notary and Keeper of the records of the holy Roman Church, in the month of March, in the 12th Indiction, in the Year of the Lord's Incarnation 1014.

[25] The Bishop, having invoked S. Alexius, drives the plague from his men; But when the Bishop, having stayed there with the King for some time, was saddened by the pestilence of a most grievous mortality, which most savagely was depopulating the army; there came to him a certain one of the Romans, advising him, that for the safety of his men he should vow that he would make some veneration in his own land to S. k Alexius. He at once, his hands and eyes raised to heaven, sincerely vowed that he would make a monastery befitting his honor and love, if by his prayers he should obtain from God the safety of his men. And he truly proved that he had been heard by God through his merits, by the receiving and preservation of the safety of all his beasts and men. The new Emperor, moreover, obtaining from the Lord Apostolic all that he wished, strengthened in the Lord by his consolation and benediction, crossed over the Pennine Alps, and returning to Pavia kept holy Easter there. But the venerable Bishop, desiring the Church committed to him to be fortified and protected both by the material and the spiritual sword, He obtains an Imperial Privilege: approached the Emperor there with his friends and the Magnates of the Kingdom, and suppliantly sought that he should confirm such goods by Imperial authority as the Lord Apostolic had confirmed by his Canonical authority. The Emperor, moreover, remembering the labor of his arduous journey, which for the regard of his love he had undertaken with him to the thresholds of the Apostles; most readily with his accustomed kindness favored the reasonable petition, and confirmed and corroborated, by the precept of Royal authority, sealed with a golden seal, all things conferred and to be conferred by him from his hereditary goods upon the Church of Paderborn, and any other things acquired or to be acquired by his diligence and industry from any of the faithful, exchanged, or to be exchanged.

[26] But the Emperor, having dismissed the army into his land, He comes to Cluny: the affairs of the Kingdom everywhere prudently arranged, left everywhere traces of virtue and piety, and wherever he had found dwellings of the servants of God, increasing and enlarging their goods, commended himself to the prayers of all. Cluny also, named everywhere among other places of the earth for the fervor of its Religion and the situation of the place, with the Lord Bishop Meinwerk, and a few of his household, he visited; and proving true the many indications of sanctity and Religion which he had heard, he offered a golden crown, adorned with most precious gems, at the Mass which is celebrated for the Chair of S. Peter: and the fraternity of the Monks having been humbly sought and received, with the greatest contrition of heart, he commended himself to the prayers of all; and for the supply of necessary things, he assigned excellent estates in Alsace to that same congregation by testamentary authority. There, the Emperor favoring, and pledging his help in all things, He leads thence with him 13 Brothers: Bishop Meinwerk sought and obtained from the Abbot and Congregation Brothers for the construction of a monastery of monastic life. With whom, having taken a pound of bread and a Hymnary, hastily returning home, he founded a chapel in honor of S. Benedict l in the western part of the city of Paderborn, and quickly completed it. But the rivals of the Monks objecting to their coming, and builds for them a monastery at Paderborn: and affirming that it would be more useful for them, according to the etymology of their name, to be removed from the crowd and the city; but more honorable for the city, that in that place Clerics or Nuns should dwell; the venerable Bishop humbly gave the reason, saying: that the female sex is fragile by the quality of its nature, and that through them the souls of the weak may easily scandalize and be scandalized: but that Monks are more fittingly neighbors and joined to Clerics than Clerics; that in the various excesses and chances of slippery life, in divine and human matters, by fraternal charity and unity they might mutually succor and counsel one another: and as a norm and form of conduct for the governing of the rest, to the Bishop, under whose shadow of his wings they should rest, that in the provision and disposition of both lives they might be a help and counsel: adding, that it was fitting and ought to be done, that for service the laity, and for counsel the Clerics, should be admitted. This reason having been given and heard, all the good and discreet, approving his words and deeds, wished that what had been reasonably begun should happily prosper and be accomplished; but the like rejoicing with the like, they ceased not to envy and disparage the unlike and the better.

[27] The building of the principal church therefore being magnificently completed, there he dedicates the new Cathedral, with a great gathering and presence of both sexes and habit, age and dignity, he solemnly dedicated it on the 17th of the Kalends of October: and the Apostolic privilege having been recited and interpreted before the people, in the safeguard of that same firmness he placed and established his building. But the Bishop, hoping that he would obtain it from the Emperor at Erfurt, had asked him to be present at the Dedication; but he, having entered Poland against Boleslaw in the summer season with a strong band of his men, could not be present. For the same Boleslaw, with Udelric Duke of Bohemia, had been appointed to come to the Emperor at Merseburg m; but he, scorning to come, and disposing to rebel, was, by the mercy of God, through the patronage of the Saints, to whom he had intimately commended himself and his people, overcome with all his men. The Bishop, moreover, from the hereditary goods situated in Saxony, a city situated in the place which is called n Plesse, with eleven hundred mansi already before given to the Church, on that same day recognizing and reiterating it, and enriches it and causes it to be enriched in many ways. assigned and confirmed to the Church, certain goods being excepted, designated for the building of Churches on this condition, that if, he being prevented by death, the Churches remained unfinished, after the death of his mother, to whom for temporal subsidies he had granted these, they should belong to the Church itself. Whose example, persons of both sexes, of every condition and order, began to follow: and according to the power of their means, for the obtaining of the prize of perpetual happiness, instructed by the salutary admonitions of the Bishop, conferred their goods upon the Church.

NOTES OF G. H. AND D. P.

This Minius is the Florentine Martyr; but in the Acts and in the Roman Martyrology he is said to have suffered under the Emperor Decius.

CHAPTER V.

Benefits conferred upon the Church of Paderborn under Meinwerk, he himself procuring them and rendering gratitude.

[28] This whole and the two following Chapters R. D. Adolf found, Why these 2 Chapters were omitted by others in his (as he calls it) autograph manuscript. I can scarcely believe it to be an autograph, that is, written by the Author's own hand, in which are found the errors noted at num. 6, which not even he himself, wishing to excuse them, on page 298 calls aberrations, perhaps to be imputed to the carelessness of the copyists. Yet I would readily believe that these were so arranged by the Author, that they could conveniently be omitted by the transcribers, as was done in our most ancient copy, which Brower too seems to have used. The same reason, however, of the benefit that would come to the Church of Paderborn from the enumeration of such benefits, which compelled the Author to collect those things from some older Chartulary of that same church (a writing similar to which for the Monastery of Werden was of great use to Bolland, illustrating the Acts of S. Ludger its founder at 26 March)—the same reason, I say, moved us also, that we should not omit such an enumeration here; the reader being forewarned, however, here published if any be uninterested in such things, that he may skip over it, and pass straightway to Chapter VIII, just as the writers of the other copies judged that it itself was to be passed over. But just as the aforesaid Adolf, although elsewhere lavishly diligent, did not think he ought to labor in inquiring into the names of places and persons; because the investigation of both was difficult (for very many places cannot now be found, their appellations being changed; while persons, even noble ones, from a name alone, perhaps to be found elsewhere, can hardly receive certain light)—so neither shall I labor in those things; content to subjoin to each Chapter an explanation of certain barbarous words, which he did not do.

[29] as they were collected for the benefit of that same Church. It seems therefore reasonable, on the part of certain persons, to intimate their devotion: not only to declare their benefits; but also for the profit of those who deserve to be edified by good examples; and likewise for the confounding of those who, although they know, see, and hear all the best things, confessing the Lord with the mouth, but persevere in denying him by deeds. It is also worth the effort to append the Bishop's diligence in each case and his benevolence, how he neither circumvented anyone by fraud, and that he showed himself to rejoice and congratulate in the salvation and devotion of all by suitable benefits. [I] In the very year, therefore, of the dedication of the Church, the thousand and 15th of the Lord's Incarnation, a certain Soldier called Mainher, pricked by divine admonition, that he might associate himself with the eternal inheritance, and escape the inextinguishable flames of the fire of hell, whatever property he had in Burgnon and in Balhornon and Scarheim, to the monastery newly built and dedicated by the Bishop, and to the benefit and ministry of the Brothers there serving God, handed over, on this condition, that each of the Brothers of that Church, through the anniversary days of the same man, should receive one bread and one meat and a half measure of wine, and be mindful of his soul by a salutary commemoration; Amulung the advocate of the Church standing by, and receiving this gift, all contradiction and altercation being set aside, before many witnesses. This gift accomplished, the venerable Bishop Meinwerk, that he might draw the heart of all to whom this should be known more readily to the increase of divine worship, and bind the mind of each one more devout to his will, granted one estate named Sutheim, with all the profits pertaining to it, and the tithes of 30 plows, not as a benefice, but for the term of his own life: decreeing by this writing, that if any of his successors should break these things, that man should recover his own.

[30] A certain other Nobleman, for distinction from the other called Meinher the Younger, [II] mindful of human fragility, a certain estate, called Hengeldere, with the consent of his wife Hunnina, and of his daughter Oda his most just heir, for the remedy of his soul gave to the Church, and received from Bishop Meinwerk 30 plows and a maldros b of grain, as long as he himself should live, and to his wife, for consenting, he brought 3 pounds of denarii, which in the presence of Ekkihard and Liudulf the Counts at Assiereshusun the Bishop gave to her, with 30 shillings. [III] A certain Canon of that Church, named Wirin, all the estate which he had at Osdaghusun and at Rastherpe, with all appurtenances and serfs of both sexes, with the consent and will of his most just heirs Eizo, Irinch, Reinher, handed over to the Church as property; and Bishop Meinwerk, moved by pious mercy, constituted him Provost; decreeing this, that if through the infirmity of the Provost or through some other cause accidentally arising his appointment should be infringed, one estate of the Bishopric with 30 families should be granted to him until the end of his life. But to his heirs he gave, as a reward, the wife Hoia of a certain bailiff and her sons. [IV] A certain Subdeacon, a Canon of that same Church, of the same name and devotion as the one aforesaid, whatever property he had at Sneun, through his Advocate Eilbreht, with the consent of his sisters his most just heirs Rua, Bavika, Leppa, all contradiction being removed, gave to the lordship of the Church as property; and for this good deed he received from the Bishop 40 plows and one Deanery, with Udo, Heriman, Benno the Counts, and many others standing by; and hearing the Bishop's mandate concerning this gift, so instituted, that if any of his successors should infringe what was granted to him, he should recover his own. Another of the Brothers of that same Church, named Folcmar, admonished by the prompting of the Holy Spirit, [V] with the consent and will of his most just heir named Siburg, through his Advocate Amulung, all the estate which he had in the march of Sturmethi, Gesike, and Stockeim, with all appurtenances, to the altar of holy Mary and of SS. Kilian and Liborius gave as property. But the most excellent Meinwerk the Bishop, piously accepting this, granted him 4 families as long as he should live, and established that one linen cloth be given to him each year, and besides this, on the part of the Confraternity, a certain estate called Bekinauwo, with two c serfs, until the end of his life he granted: namely on this condition, that he himself, as long as he should live, or if any of the Confraternity should hold the same estate, should keep the Anniversary of Volcdag; with Count Amulung, and many others bearing witness to this matter.

[31] [VI] Another Canon of the same Church, named Volcmar, with the assent of his two brothers Nithing and Wirinhard, two estates, Holtheim and Aslan, on the day of S. Lambert, in a certain place which is called Ringhelmi, gave to the Church of Paderborn: Eilbert, in the presence of Liudulf, Erpo, Benno, Ekkiko, Liudulf the Counts, and many others, all contradiction being removed, receiving it. [VII] The aforesaid Nithing, a Canon of the oft-named Church, mindful of human fragility, certain places, Holtheim and Burgnan, with all appendages and serfs of both sexes, for the remedy of his soul and of his kindred, through his Advocate named Wirinhard, conferred upon the Church; and from the venerable Bishop Meinwerk he received the ban over Horohusen, and a certain place named Waveri, and Bokinavordi, until the end of his life on this condition, that if he should survive the Emperor Henry, he should keep his Anniversary, like that of a Bishop of Paderborn, from the single estate of Bokinavordi, and give 300 alms for his soul, and on the same day of his death and of the anniversary should clothe one poor man with a shirt, a pair of breeches, a d coat, a tunic, two hose and undergarments, and shoes, and gloves, a cap and a girdle: and on the feast of S. Kilian e the Martyr should likewise furnish a full banquet for the Brothers, as on the feast of S. Liborius, from the aforesaid estate of Bokinavordi: and if any of the Confraternity after the death of Lord Nithing should hold the same estate, should keep the Anniversary of Henry the Emperor, and the banquet on the feast of S. Kilian, like the aforesaid Nithing, fully: decreeing also by this testament, that if to Nithing himself any of the things granted should be infringed by any of his successors, from the Bishopric one farm f with 20 serfs and 12 plows should be granted to him. Besides all these things, granting to Werunhard his heir marten g pelts and 3 ounces of gold as a reward.

[32] VIII A certain Priest, named Waldier, with the assent of Haold his most just heir, whatever estate he had in Winnithi, with all appurtenances, for the remedy of his soul and of his kindred, Hildiward the Advocate receiving it, gave as property to the Church; and he received from Bishop Meinwerk a Church in Thietmelli, with 6 plows, and one horse for one h talent until the end of his life, in the presence of Conrad and Thiederic the Counts and many others, this condition being made, that if anyone should take away from him the things granted, he should recover his own. Another certain Priest of holy life, [IX] named Vulfdag, whatever property he had in Baddinhusun, to Bishop Meinwerk for the lordship of the Church of Paderborn, through his guardian, with the will of his heirs, Ymmido the Advocate of the Church of Paderborn receiving it, handed over as property; namely on this condition, that by Lord Bishop Meinwerk a certain Church, situated in the town of Pumissun, with all things pertaining to it, and part of the Church situated in the village of Baldereshusun, which pertains to the Bishopric of Paderborn, should be granted to him until the end of his life; and after his death to his mother, on the part of the Bishop, on all the days of her life grain should be given at Pumissun; and if anyone should infringe or diminish this benefit, he should recover his own. A certain Priest of good memory of Rothun, [X] named Wecil, through his Advocate Hiddin, and by the will and desire of his heir Liutbran, whatever he had in the village and in the march of Holthusun, into the property of the Church of Paderborn at the altar of S. Mary and of the saints Kilian and Liborius gave, with all appurtenances: and from Bishop Meinwerk, piously accepting this gift, he received 1 family at Ricwardessun, until the end of his life, in the presence of Count Amulung.

[33] A certain Nun, named Haburg, a certain estate called Bridi, [XI] with all appurtenances and serfs of both sexes, through her Advocate named Hamaka, with the consent of her most just heir Ekkika, to the lordship of the Church of Paderborn gave as property, all contradiction being set aside: and from Lord Bishop Meinwerk, clemently attending to her devotion, received 4 talents and one farm at Hunwercushusun, and 4 mansi and 30 plows, until the last end of her life; the power being given to her of recovering her own, if anyone should take away the things granted. Likewise a certain Nun, named Hike, [XII] by the admonition and petition of the venerable Bishop Meinwerk, with the consent of her brother Wego her most just heir, whatever property she had in Spurca, and in Adana, and Bocla, Liudunburin, Rockinchusun, with all appurtenances, handed over to the Church of Paderborn as property, and the Bishop gave her two ounces of gold and one talent of denarii, and granted 12 plows for the necessities of temporal life, bestowing one talent upon her heir. Another certain Nun of Gesike, named Oda, XIII for the remedy of her soul and of her kindred, whatever hereditary property she had in the villages and march of Colstidi, Astanholte, and in Lanchel, or in all Patherga, with the consent and petition of her brother Richard her most just heir, with all appendages, handed over to the Church of Paderborn as property. Wherefore Bishop Meinwerk, moved by mercy, in neighboring places for her life granted her 10 plows of tithing, and besides one pound between gold and silver, and 1 colt i and 5 victims k, that is, Fristinga: but to her brother he gave one horse: with Hosado the provost, Ecilin the Emperor's Chaplain, Amulung the Count, and many others standing by.

[34] One also of the same profession and manner of life, named Tabake, [XIV] with the assent of Tiazo her heir, a certain estate at Thietmeressun and at Cherdinun, and at Sidessun, at the petition of Bishop Meinwerk, gave to the Church; and the Bishop established that there be given her each year from the Episcopal substance 20 maldros of corn, and 60 modii l of malt, and 3 bacons, m with all the giblets, giving to her heir gray pelts and one ham. Another certain Nun, named Atte, [XV] received from the venerable Bishop Meinwerk 5 talents of gold and silver, and one cloak and a fox-fur coverlet, and one marten pelisse for another 7 talents, that whatever estate she possessed in Wesiga she should hand over to the lordship of the Church of Paderborn. Besides these 12 talents the Bishop gave to the heir, and because he was her Advocate 2 talents, that he might give his consent, and accomplish the gift on her part; and to Hibilina 3 shillings, to Acelina one foal of a mare, to Manica 3 shillings, to her friends, that they might be helpers for her with her, he gave. By whom Lady Atta, being admonished, to her heir Abbo, in the court n of Amulung the Count, gave back her estate as property, that through his hands it might be given to the lordship of the Saints; and the same Abbo, in the same court, gave to the Church before witnesses as property the estate of the same Count, which is in the village called Haspan, and whatever she had had in the villages between Suntal and Afnig. But the venerable Bishop, in the same court, through his Advocate Amulung, granted the whole estate to that same Nun as a benefice on this agreement, that each year on the feast of S. Liborius, at his altar, she should render 2 denarii as tribute from that same estate. She, receiving the benefice, devoutly paid the tribute. But the Bishop, taking precaution lest any anxiety afterward or trouble of poverty should burden her, established that each year there be given 108 modii of malt, 3 hams with all the entrails, 3 amphoras of honey, ninety cheeses, 5 pigs, 5 sheep, 20 malder.

[35] [XVI] A certain Nun likewise, named Attule, with the consent of her most just heir named Glismod, whatever inheritance she received by right from her heirs named Sicca and Vertherun, in the host o of the Angarii and in the host of the Easterlings, with all appendages and serfs of both sexes, Thiadric the Advocate confirming this, gave to the Church of Paderborn as property. But the venerable Bishop bestowed upon her a certain place named Crammo, with 10 serfs appertaining, for the subsidies of temporal life, and established that 2 talents be given each year; decreeing that she recover her own, if the things granted should be taken from her. Another certain Nun, named Liudburg, whatever inheritance she possessed in the march of Astheim, XVII through her Advocate named Brun, to the lordship of the Church of Paderborn handed over as property; on this agreement, that by the Bishop or his Vicedominus each year there be given her 36 modii of rye, 24 modii of malt, 60 cheeses, 4 rams, one ham, two shirts, one goat-hide, one woolen tunic, a sheepskin pelisse every two p years, as long as she should live. Certain Nuns, sisters in flesh and spirit, named Imike and Imuke, XVIII through their Advocate, the estate which they had in Karalasthorp, with all appurtenances, gave into the property of the Church of Paderborn. This gift lawfully accomplished, the venerable Bishop Meinwerk, moved by pious mercy, gave them 2 talents, and besides each year 10 malder of corn, 36 modii of malt, one ham with the entrails, or one fattened pig, promised that he would give them; this condition being made, that they should recover their own, if anyone should ever diminish or infringe for them the things granted.

NOTES OF D. P.

p "Two years," that is, every other year, so below at num. 53 the Bishop promises to a certain man handing over his estates, besides other things to be furnished yearly for sustenance, in the fourth year one pelisse, and at num. 62 one pound of silver every four years.

CHAPTER VI.

The pursuit of the same subject.

[36] Count Dodico of Mount Wartberg, as * was said before, had taken a concubine, not whom he would make good from bad, [XIX] chaste from a harlot, like the Prophet Hosea, but whom he would make an adulteress from a nun, and a child of hell twice as much as himself. Their son, reaching the years of puberty, disposed to take up arms; and having mounted a horse, suddenly thrown from its back, and seized by its bites, and bruised by its hooves, miserably expired. The Count, beholding this from the upper room, at once summoned the concubine; and since she was exceedingly imbued with letters, he inquired of her which of all the virtues was more excellent than the others. She, like a dunghill rendering a precious pearl, when in a manifold assertion and laudable pursuit and commendation of all, she had affirmed the virtue of patience, and the magnanimity of persevering constancy, imitable with worthy praises; "That virtue," said the Count, "which thou so commendest as imitable by the merit of its dignity, do thou first keep, and going outside, look out": as she looked out, she saw her son had died. At length the Count, by divine inspiration and the assiduous admonition of the Bishop pricked, for the remedy and commemoration of his soul, at an accepted time, at the altar of the most holy Mother of God Mary, and of S. Kilian the Martyr, and of S. Liborius the Confessor, with the consent of his mother Hildigund his first heir, and with the assent of his brother Sigobodo, gave as property the estates of his own property situated in these places: Wartberge, Rainlefessun, Erungun, Radi, in upper Wurmlahun, Rothem, Garametti, Rotwardeshusun, Illandehusun, Siliheim, with all their appendages and eight mills, with all things which can be named or cannot, and yet are in them or can be made—the profits, except his ministerial men, Eilbeht, Randuwigh, Acelin, Gela, Doda, Hoika, Isi, Ainza, Tamma, Ibuke, Hizule, and the other women then taken into his gynaeceum, not to be taken in any further; on this condition and pact interposed, that as long as the Monastery of Paderborn should remain unharmed, for the same Dodico, the Priest, Deacon, and Subdeacon daily celebrating public Mass, a stipendiary refreshment, such as is fitting to be given to one Brother drawing the stipend of that same Church, should be given: but if a public Mass should be celebrated by the Bishop or Provost, the same stipendiary refreshment, for the remedy of his soul, should be divided among 12 needy persons. But when the same Count Dodico should have died, in every kind of commemoration, which it is the custom to perform for the Bishop of that same Church, it should be celebrated for him, in the celebrations of Masses and Psalms, and in the kindling of lights, and in the giving of eulogiae, and in the refreshments of a hundred poor persons, and in all things which it is fitting to perform on the annual day of the death of the Bishop of that same place.

[37] This gift and pact accomplished, before the altar of the most holy Mother of God Mary, Lord Meinwerk the Bishop, with his Advocate Amulung, for the same estate furnished to the same Dodico as a precarial tenure a whatever in Desburg, Astnedere, Westnedere, Dalpanhusun, Dueriun, Uflahun, Rasbike, Silihem, Wepplithi, pertained to the property of the Church of Paderborn: and that same gift, which he had given at the altar, he granted, that each, while he himself should live, should enjoy the usufruct of the gift and the precarial tenure: but on his death the gift and precarial tenure should likewise be restored to the Church, except three ministerial men, Tiaxo, Benno, Mainzo, and two families dwelling in Weplithi and pertaining to Heristelle, which he did not grant to him as a precarial tenure. But this gift was made with such a tenor, that if anyone should infringe anything for him of the things granted, he should recover his own.

Meinwerk excellent, of Prelates distinguished, I pray thou mayest live this day in eternal rest: Judge of the world, when thou shalt come to give reward to thy servants, Place this one with the sheep on the right, not with the goats. Such an affection of thine for thine own, O Christ, may be acceptable to thee; Who loved them for thy sake, hoping through them to gain nothing other than thee.

Count Sigibodo also, brother of that same Count Dodico, [XX] with his consort Weldilmod, for the remedy and commemoration of their souls, with the consent of his heir Hildigund, one estate which is named Liudulfingaroth, with all appurtenances, handed over to the Church of Paderborn, in the presence of Emperor Henry; and before the altar of the most holy Mother Mary they repeated the same gift by acknowledging it. But the Bishop Meinwerk, with his Advocate Amulung, a certain estate which is named Curbike, with 17 families and 1 mill, furnished to them as a precarial tenure; that as long as each should live they should enjoy the usufruct of the precarial tenure, but on their death it should be restored entire to the altar aforementioned, and they should recover their own, if anyone should ever infringe the things granted.

[38] [XXI] A certain noble man, named Northine, a certain estate in Biveran with all appendages, his mother Eilka his most just heir consenting, gave as property to the Church of Paderborn; and from the venerable Bishop Meinwerk, piously weighing this, he received the tithing in Warpessun as a benefice for his service; with Conrad and Amulung the Counts and many others standing by. Another certain noble, named Luithard, whatever he had in the village and in the march of Irixlevu, XXII in the host of Asterluidi, and in the district of Herthoga, with serfs of both sexes and all appurtenances, for the remedy of his soul and of his kindred, gave to the Church; and the Bishop Meinwerk bestowed upon him as a gift one cloak for 4 pounds, one ounce of gold, and 10 pounds of denarii; in the presence of Udo, Benno, Amulung, Heriman the Counts and many others. XXIII Likewise a certain noble, named Hemuca, a certain estate in Curbike, for the hope of his salvation and safety, conferred upon the Church. But after his death Reinhard and Humburga, his lawful heirs, wished to infringe and invalidate the gift made; but having received from the Bishop three talents of denarii, on the vigil of S. Boniface, at Wartberge, they let stand and made ratified what had been done. XXIV Another likewise, according to the dignity of the world most noble, named Esic of Mesheri, with the consent and petition of his father Thiatmar his most just heir, whatever inheritance or property he had in the village of Nederi and march, with all appurtenances in buildings, mills, serfs, except these 4, Wicil, Sicca, Becca, Asake, to the Church of Paderborn handed over as property. But the Bishop, moved by mercy at so great a devotion, in neighboring places, for the life of both the son and the father, 20 families between Essiberg and Duergian gave: and also all their benefice, namely 33 talents of coin, acquired in tithing and plows, he granted without service; and established that each year from the Forest of Reinherishusen two wild boars, and two stags, and two hinds be given; and besides giving him 20 pounds of denarii, received his father into the fraternity of the Church of Paderborn, before Amulung, Heriman, Thiadric the Counts and many others; the power being given to him of recovering his own, if anyone should take away the things granted.

[39] [XXV] A certain noble likewise, named Wicbran, with the will and desire of his wife Tetta, and of her most just heir Eica, for the remedy of his soul and of his kindred, whatever property he had in the village and march of Thiatwardessun, to the Church gave: and the Bishop, with the accustomed favor of his kindness, bestowed upon the aforesaid Lady Tetta two marten sleeves adorned with a cloak, one linen cloth, and one horse as a gift. A certain man of the same nobility, faith, and flesh, named Ridund, XXVI with the assent of his consort Siburg and her brother Rimis, whatever property he had in Steinnem, in the district of Hessiun, with all the profits pertaining to that same place, all contradiction being removed, handed over to the lordship of the Church of Paderborn: but the Bishop, on the Annunciation of the most holy Mary, with the testimony of Heriman of Werla, Ekkika of Aslan, Benno, Tammo, Heriman the younger, Liutger, Sifrid, Bernhard the Count at Milinhusun, gave to him one horse, one scarlet b dorsal-cloth, and gray pelts for 7 talents; and afterward at Goslar on the 2nd of the Ides of May at the Ascension of the Lord, two ounces of gold, two gray pelisses for two talents, 3 marks and 2 talents. Likewise a certain Noble, named Volcward, XXVII with the consent of his wife Verthewi, two mansi in Westnederi, for the remedy of his soul, to the Church of Paderborn, with Erpho and Ekkika the Counts and many standing by, gave as property, and on the feast of S. Magnus c the Martyr, at Wartberge, 33 shillings of denarii and 5 golden denarii, and one ham from the Bishop received. A certain other noble, named Isier, in the presence of Duke Bernhard, conferred upon the Church; XXVIII whatever property he had in Bennanhus, and red pelts and 35 shillings of denarii the Bishop bestowing received.

[40] A certain Soldier, named D. Brun, with his niece named Ida, his estates in Sutdesburch, XXIX Betanun and Wallenstide, with all appendages, gave also to the Church, for the hope of eternal reward, and for the remedy of the soul of his brother Thiatmar; namely on this agreement, that as long as he should live, the benefice which the Bishop granted him, that is Boffesun and Hemmedesun, with all appendages, he should possess; this condition being interposed by the testimony of Ymmido, Dodico, Volchard the Counts, that if anyone should take away from him the things granted, he should recover his own. A certain free man, named Roddech, gave to the Bishop and his Church of Paderborn a certain estate in Othihem; [XXX] and received from him one horse for 1 talent, 30 shillings of denarii, pelts and one shield. Likewise a certain free man, XXXI named Alfric, gave to the Bishop 20 fields and a plot in Aldenthorpe; and for this there were given to him and his wife one horse, 12 shillings of denarii, 2 woolen cloths, 2 hams, a malder of corn. A certain Soldier, XXXII named Wigo, a certain estate, in the march which is called Alteressun, into the property of the Church of Paderborn handed over; and from the Bishop in that year alone 10 plows of tithing and 10 shekels of denarii, in the presence of Wino Abbot of Helmwardeshusen, Hosado the Provost, Amulung, Erpho the Counts, and many others, received. XXXIII Another certain Soldier, named Bruno, prompted by divine inspiration, with the consent of Wendelburgis his wife, whatever he had in the march which is called Ananroth, in serfs of both sexes and all appurtenances, to the lordship and property of the Church of Paderborn handed over: and from the Bishop, kindly receiving this gift, received 4 plows as a benefice, in the presence of Hosado the Provost and many others.

[41] XXXIV A certain man, named Bevo, with the consent of his wife and of his sons, Meinhard, Liutger, Rodulf, his most just heirs, a certain estate to the Church of Paderborn as property gave; and from the Bishop, moved by mercy for this good deed, received 5 talents. Afterward Lord Bishop, through his messenger Thrudbert, sent to the same Bevo one pound of denarii, with Benno, Amulung the Counts and many others bearing witness to this matter. XXXV Likewise a certain man, named Hola, prevented by divine inspiration, for the rest of the soul of his dead brother Gerbert, and for the memory of his son Rainold, who then in the Church of Paderborn was giving attention to literary studies, whatever Gerbert himself while living had possessed in these places, Ammobusun and in Thumiti, and in Langal, and in Maresvelde, and in Salminghusun, to the Church of Paderborn gave; and the Bishop to the same Rainold, for his service d, afterward furnished Dudo as a benefice. XXXVI A certain noble, named Ecilin, with his son Meinhard his most just heir, whatever he had of inheritance and property in Harun, with 8 serfs and all appurtenances, to the lordship of the Church of Paderborn handed over: but the Bishop established that to the aforesaid Ecelin each year 40 malder of corn, 4 hams without giblets, 5 sheep be given from the episcopal substance; and to his son one horse, one linen cloth, 10 malder of corn, 2 hams he gave, the power being given to him of recovering his own, if anyone should ever take away the things granted. A certain noble man, XXXVII named Walberth, 44 fields and one plot in the place Bilisti, with the consent of his heir Adalgart, handed over to the Church. But the Bishop with his Advocate Amulung, to a certain free man named Wizo and to his wife the daughter of Walberth, and if they themselves should beget sons or daughters, they remaining under the protection of the aforesaid Bishop or his successor, granted that same estate and to this all the benefice which the same Wizo had; this condition being made, that if any of them under the protection of the Bishop or his successor should be unwilling to serve, the Bishop or his successor should receive the estate with the benefice, and besides, whichever of them should survive the other, each year should pay 2 denarii to the Bishop as tribute.

[42] XXXVIII Likewise a noble man, named Wilheim, for the remedy of his soul and of his kindred, a certain estate in Levardishusun gave to the Church: and from the Bishop one horse for 30 shillings, 2 talents and besides 10 shillings, in the presence of Udo, Sifrid, Amulung the Counts received. Another likewise a noble, named Richard, XXXIX for the remedy of his soul and of his kindred, whatever inheritance or property he had in the villages and marches of Gladabiki, Hiridechassun, Hemmamhus, Heristi, Perrenhus, Daillanhus, or in all the eastern host, with the consent and petition of his most just heir Wir, with all appendages gave to the Church: and the Bishop, piously weighing this, Duke Bernhard, Conrad, Amulung, Thiadric the Counts and many others standing by, one estate which is called Betanun, with 16 families, and 20 plows of tithing granted to him all the days of his life; giving him the power of recovering his own, if anyone should take from him the aforesaid estate with its appurtenances. [XL] Another certain noble also, named Liudulf, with the consent of his brother Wicker and of his wife Suanehild, a certain estate called Welmithe to the Church of Paderborn handed over: and from the Bishop piously accepting this received 15 talents of silver and 20 plows in the district of Wessiga with his wife. Afterward the Bishop, receiving him as his Soldier, 30 plows in the aforesaid district as a benefice gave, on this condition, that on the expedition he should send 4 shields e; and, if from service he should ever alienate himself, he should give back 30 plows. Likewise a certain noble named Luitthard, [XLI] and his wife Norhsuit, with the consent of Elfdach, Bado, and Wicball his heirs, whatever inheritance of his own he had in Brochusun in the district of Thietmelli, conferred upon the Church: and from the Bishop received that same estate, with 4 plows in Smithessun, as a benefice for the term of his life on this agreement, that as long as any of them should live he should give 2 denarii as a tax. XLII A man named Ricmar, with the consent of his brother and most just heir Hrohtward, whatever inheritance he had in Volkiereshusun, with all appurtenances, for the remedy of his soul bestowed upon the Church; and from the Bishop a certain place with 4 mansi, called Niganbrunnum, and the tithing over a village named Dodanhusun except the estate, as long as he should live, received, and 1 horse, and an ounce of gold, and 1 shield and 1 lance, to him and his brother besides this gave; decreeing by writing that he recover his own, if anyone should take from him the things granted.

NOTES OF D. P.

* num. 17

"4 Shields," that is, 4 squires whom a Soldier created was bound to lead with him to the army: so "Lances" are called Lancers. Yet these seem also to be taken materially; as presently below the Bishop gave 1 shield and 1 Lance; and in the Laws of Burchard of Worms in Du Cange, the ravisher of a girl whom he cannot take to wife is ordered to pay to her friends twelve shields and as many lances, and one pound of denarii for reconciliation.

CHAPTER VII.

Other benefits, under a similar gratitude of the Bishop, made to the Church.

[43] Another certain follower and lover of the Christian religion, XLIII one manse or whatever property he had in Silon, with Count Benno and his daughter consenting, to the lordship of the Church of Paderborn handed over: but the Bishop, moved by mercy, granted him from Heristelli one manse and 2 plows for the term of his life, and besides 1 ham and one colt, in the presence of Count Amulung and many others bestowed. A certain man named Erp, XLIV was numbered among the devotion of others, who with the consent of his wife Tetta and of his mother Enusa, whatever inheritance he had possessed in Esikessun, for the hope of his salvation and safety, offered to the Church; and from the Bishop received 20 plows in Elieressun and neighboring places as a benefice: there being given to him gratuitously by the Bishop one horse and 60 malder, and to his wife two talents, in the presence and testimony of Amulung the Count and many others; decreeing this, that he should recover his own, if anyone should take away from him the things granted. Another certain man Bennaka, with the lawful heirs of his inheritance consenting, [XLV] namely his brother Godica and his son Godiscalc, a certain estate situated in the village of Wiriesi, in the district of Auga in the County of Count Benno, for the remedy of his soul and of his kindred, assigned to the lordship of the Church of Paderborn: wherefore the Bishop gave him, for the subsidy of temporal life, 11 plows in Baddanhusun, in Ahus 8, in Heleckieressun 10 plows, in Baduellun 5 plows and a half, in Bodekerithorpe 8, in Cuadian 10, in Geradessun 7, besides 2 talents of denarii, 3 measures of beer, 4 hams, 20 malder of oats, with Count Erp at Wartberge present with many, and bearing witness to these matters. Likewise a certain woman named Imuca, XLVI with the consent and will of her daughter Herisuithe, whatever inheritance she had in the village and in the march of Asthem and Ecla, with all appurtenances, conferred upon the Church; and from the Bishop with the aforesaid daughter received 4 families as a benefice, and each year from the Episcopal substance one full measure of beer, 6 malder, one ham. But concerning this gift such a condition before Hosado the Provost, Hecelin the Chaplain, Amulung the Count and Advocate, and many others was made, that if her daughter should survive, she should acknowledge and relinquish the estate to the Church, and should obtain 4 families with the estate and 6 malder until the term of her life: and if anyone should infringe this, she should recover her own.

[44] A certain man Ranward, with the approval of his brothers Volckier and Ekkio, XLVII a certain estate in Bikihusun handed over to the Church; and for this the Bishop gave them one horse, 2 oxen, 4 shillings of denarii, in the presence of Amulung, Gerbert, Ekkika the Counts. Two brothers, named Wira and Hemuca, XLVIII with the consent and will of their parents, one manse, in Stenlari, with one man whose name is Buna, handed over to the Church: and from the Bishop a marten cape, 2 horses, 22 shillings of denarii, by the testimony of many, received. A certain man, XLIX named Ethelier, with the will of his wife Wicsuithe, whatever property he had in Diesna, with all appurtenances, into the property of the Church of Paderborn handed over: and the Bishop, moved by mercy, to them one cloak for 7 pounds, and 6 ounces of gold, 17 pounds of silver, 4 shillings of denarii, with Amulung the Count standing by and many others at Ekwardinchusun, as a reward to them bestowed. A certain good layman, named Tidier, [L] whatever property he had in Buliheim in the district of Soratvelde, with all appurtenances, for the remedy of his soul and of his kindred, without any contradiction, with the assent and will of his heirs, gave to the Church; and received from the Bishop as a benefice, in the presence of Hosado the Provost, Amulung, Thiedric the Counts, 6 plows of tithing in the aforesaid village of Bulihem and Vurmessun, until the term of his life. Two brothers, [LI] named Liudric and Becelin, with Wicilin, whatever property they had in Halogokircan, with the will of Lady Helmburga their most just heir, gave to the Church; and 4 pounds of denarii from the venerable Bishop as a reward received.

[45] A certain man named Tiedi, 70 fields in Bilivelde by hereditary right possessed; [LII] which with two plots, by the assent and will of his mother Wilburga, into the property of the Church of Paderborn conferred: but the Bishop, on account of that gift, took the same Tiedi to be reared into his protection, and to his mother each year one woolen tunic, one shirt, one ham, 1 malder of cheeses, 7 malder of corn, 30 modii of malt, and in the 4th year one sheepskin pelisse on the feast of S. Andrew, promised that he would give, in the presence of Amulung, Ekkika the Counts, and many others. Another certain man of the same devotion, named Radulf, LIII for the remedy of his soul and of his kindred, with the consent and affirmation of Ricbrecht his most just heir, a certain "litus," named Burghard, with all his family and manse, one in the place which is called Weni, in the district of Almunga, in the County of Ekkiko, gave as property to the Church: but the Bishop, for the eternal reward of the concubine b of the aforesaid Radulf, who was called Atholoch, each year on the day of the Lord's circumcision established that 5 shillings of denarii be given on this condition, that if he or any of his successors should not pay the aforesaid money, he should restore to Atholoch herself the aforesaid manse; and if he should neither pay her the tax nor restore the family, in the last judgment, to be tortured by the eternal fires of hell, he should lie under perpetual damnation. A certain good Christian, named Verthumund, [LIV] with the will of his son Alfdech his lawful heir, 23 fields and 1 plot in the march of Calriki handed over to the Church: and to them the Bishop for the life of both 1 manse in Ovoranduergian granted on this condition, that on the feast of S. Liborius they should pay three denarii from it, with Amulung the Count and others bearing witness to this matter.

[46] A certain man likewise named Hathamar, admonished by divine inspiration, [LV] whatever property he had in Erpessun, in the district of Lachni and in the County of Count Heriman, with the favor of his mother Bezzula his most just heir, on this condition into the property of the Church handed over, that to himself alone, as long as he should survive, each year from the episcopal substance 3 talents should be given; and if any of the Bishops of the Paderborn See should refuse this pact, he should restore to the same Hathamar his estate: but the Bishop gave him for his support 1 horse, 1 spear-point, 1 shield, fox pelts, gray pelts, 51 shillings of denarii; but to his mother Lady Bezzula on the Chair of S. Peter one talent, that she might approve; with Udo, Heriman, Benno, Sifrid the Counts, and many others standing by. A certain man, [LVI] named Hidda, a certain estate in Burchusun gave to the Church; and for this there were given to him and his wife 2 horses, 2 oxen, two woolen cloths, 3 hams, gray pelts for 3 of 8 shillings of denarii, 12 modii of corn, LVII one shilling. Another certain man, of a certain place which is called Wittisungan, named Wicil, gave to Bishop Meinwerk a certain estate in Othihem, and for this received from him 1 marten tunic for 1 shilling, and 4 talents of denarii and 10 shillings. LVIII A certain man, named Heriman, of Holthusun, received at Paderborn 30 shillings, which he gave to a certain man named Tada for one house, which he had given to the Church. Another certain man, named Amulung, received from Bishop Meinwerk 10 shillings and one woman, to bring to a certain Nun in Meschethi, for two boys whom he obtained from her. [LIX] Likewise Adalward at Hechti, and Rumold at Heingahusun, and Benno, handed over their estates in Immedeshusun to the Bishop: and made this gift lawful and firm by the testimony of Count Heriman and many others.

[47] [LX] A certain man likewise, named Wiebrand, with the consent of his consort Tetta, a certain estate, in the place which is called Hemmicanhusun, with all appurtenances, that he might blot out his sins, on the 2nd of the Nones of November gave to the Church of Paderborn; and to him the Bishop bestowed marten pelts and one cloak for 8 talents; and as long as he should live 15 plows, under such condition established to be given, that if anyone should infringe for him the things granted, [LXI] he should recover his own. A certain faithful man, named Godescalc, with the consent of his heir named Hemmedessum, to the Church of Paderborn 7 mansi as property gave, and received from the Bishop one gray cape of 12 talents, 100 malder, 8 hams; with Thiedric, Ekkika the Counts and many others at Nihem, where this gift was made, on the vigil of S. Gertrude the Virgin, XXII standing by. Likewise a certain faithful man, named Aethelhard, with the assent and will of his most just heir Luicica, 1 manse in the march of Listungun with all appurtenances gave to the Church; and to him the Bishop, moved by mercy, 6 marks with 4 pounds in the presence of Hosado the Provost, Amulung the Count, and many others, as a reward restored. LXIII A certain faithful man likewise, named Hildelin, by the consent of his consort Oda and of his most just heir Arnold himself, one plot of 40 jugera with all appendages, in the district of Nitherga, in the village which is called Holthuson: and Arnold, with the consent of his mother the same Oda and of the aforesaid Hildelin, one "litus" in the district of Almunga, in the village which is called Barghusun, with his wife and son, and with all things which he then had; in the plot also and estate and all appendages of that same estate, for the acquiring of the tithing over the village of Emiggarothun, to the Church as property handed over. Which the Bishop piously accepting, to the aforesaid Hildelin and his consort Oda and to Arnold and all his posterity gave the same tithing for the aforesaid estate through his advocate Amulung. This gift, first made on the 3rd of the Nones of November, on the 4th of the Nones of January was repeated and confirmed, there sitting together Archbishop Hunfrid; Sibert, Hildiward, and Liuzo the Bishops; and standing by Fritheric, Gerbert, and Thiadric the Counts.

[48] Likewise a certain faithful Christian, named Araca, LXIV was of Corvey; who with the will of his son Titball his most just heir, one field on the Eastern bank of the river Weser near Höxter, all contradiction being removed, [LXV] gave to the Church. A certain man named Wlfheri, 15 fields, which with his wife in the place which is called Wlfereshusun, he possessed by proprietary right, constrained by excessive poverty, with the counsel and will of his wife and of his heirs, conferred upon the Church; and to them the Bishop, for the love of Christ, for those 15 fields one pound of denarii paid. A certain man, named Thiadold, LXVI one plot and 18 fields in a certain town, which is called Wicberneshusun, had; and compelled by excessive want, on account of his neediness that plot, with the buildings and the same 18 fields, with all the appertaining profit, with the consent and will of his wife Redmoda and of his son Athalward his most just heir, to the Church as property handed over; and the Bishop for the love of God to the aforesaid 30 shillings and 1 ham, with all the giblets, gave. A certain poor man of Halogokircun, LXVII with his consort, 1 plot and 20 fields to Bishop Meinwerk gave; and for this from the Bishop 1 plot, 1 ham, 1 talent, 5 denarii, a malder of corn, and 2 woolen cloths, received. LXVIII A certain man named Alsdag, compelled by excessive c want, whatever inheritance he had possessed in the march of Hodanhusun, with the will of his son Liudulf, to the Church on this condition handed over; that as long as he should live both should be fed from the Bishop's alms: but the Bishop, piously repaying this, established that there be given them daily 2 breads, 2 beakers d of beer, on Saturday half a cheese, on Sunday and other feast days 2 meats, and each year 2 woolen cloths, one shekel of denarii.

[49] LXIX Thietmar the elder, brother of Bernhard Duke of Saxony, was a man in this world very capable; but as full of vices as he was swollen with goods and pride, inflamed in acquiring goods by the torches of avarice. At length, against right and lawfulness, everywhere invading and plundering the goods of the faithful, among the other works of his tyranny, at a certain time he directed his journey to the monastery of Herford; and making there a great e fortification, broke the treasury of the Saints resting there, and of his sister the Abbess named Godesti, and of the Congregation of S. Mary, and drew thence more money than was right. Afterward, summoned to a synod according to Canonical constitution by Bishop Meinwerk, he was admonished to correct what he had committed. He being salutarily pricked and usefully corrected, it was established that he should give the Bishop 30 talents of denarii. But he not having so great a weight of money, all the estate which he had in Bruninctorpe, with all appendages, with the consent and will of his heir Bernhard the Duke and of his brother, to the lordship of the Church of Paderborn, for the reconciliation of that money, gave as property. This gift the Bishop confirmed by the safeguard of his ban, with Udo, Heriman, Bernhard, Liuder the Counts and many others assisting. Certain men of Scerue, named Aethelbern, Ecilin, [LXX] Heriward, by chance accidentally killed a certain man belonging to Herisi; and lest they be publicly proscribed, and their goods plundered, with all their substance themselves to the lordship of the Church of Paderborn as property handed over. But the venerable Bishop, made to them a tower of strength against the face of the enemy, lawfully pacified the disputants; and the homicide committed, to the Church of Herisi, with eight pounds paid.

[50] LXXI A certain man likewise, named Sigibodo, against the Church by chance transgressed more than was right; but by God's favoring grace pricked and corrected, for a lawful amends, with the assent and will of his wife Embila and of his heirs, certain estates, Vilisi, Vesperdun, Hodingahusun, into the property of that same Church conferred. LXXII Rethar the venerable Bishop, predecessor of the venerable Prelate Meinwerk, a certain manse to a certain man named Isica had given as a benefice, which as long as he lived in quiet abiding and lawful possession he held; and his son named Ecelin after him as it were hereditary received, until, his sins requiring it, being convicted of a certain sacrilege, he took to flight. This being discovered, Bishop Meinwerk; from the son of Ecelin and his wife Demoda, and his kinsmen, demanded the aforesaid inheritance for the Church. They resisting for a long time as far as their ability was, and at last being convicted, justly and willingly, what for many times they unjustly held, they gave back; and besides 8 fields, which they had possessed by hereditary right, to the Church gave. But the Bishop, with his accustomed benevolence rejoicing at their devotion, one cape of marten, 1 linen cloth, and 7 shillings of denarii in the presence of Amulung the Count and many others, LXXIII bestowed upon them. Ekkibrath also, a Soldier of the marquis Bernhard, a certain estate to his right claimed, which before Duke Bernhard, the Marquis Bernard, Thiatmar, Thiedric, Luidulf, likewise Luidulf, Tancmar, Sifrid, Esico, Liuder, Heinric, likewise Heinric, Vertheric the Counts, Thiedric also the Count and Soldier of the Bishop, in the royal estate of Merseburg, remitted to Bishop Meinwerk. A certain man likewise, LXXIV named Ibo, with his wife, a certain estate gave to the Church; and received from the Bishop, after the Assumption of S. Mary, two horses, two oxen, two cows, ten sheep, two pelisses, … fox pelts, 13 denarii of gold, 3 hams, one linen cloth, and two families.

NOTES OF D. P.

CHAPTER VIII.

The remaining benefits made to the Church by the Bishop's striving: the Monastery of Abdinghof completed.

[51] LXXV A certain man, named Reinhard, and his consort Ricmod, wished to infringe the gift of a certain estate in Sidiginchusun; but having received from the Bishop in reconciliation 3 pounds of denarii and one family in Suinvellun, all contradiction being set aside, they rested appeased. The final reconciliation also of an estate, LXXVI concerning which the Bishop and Godebold and his wife Liutrud very long quarreled, was made on the 17th of the Kalends of October at Withem, where the Bishop one Cleric, named Redbern, and one woman gave them in reconciliation; and they themselves, with the will of their son Godobold, before Amulung, Gerbert, Thiadric the Counts, renounced the estate in every way. A certain noble woman, named Idike, an estate in Essiki and Liutburga, which a certain noble man named Thiederic assigned to her as property; by the consent of her most just heir Roddach her son, all contradiction being removed, with all things pertaining thereto, into the property of the Church of Paderborn handed over: but Bishop Meinwerk, moved by mercy for this good deed, gave the aforesaid Idike 3 talents for charity; and through her intervention and petition granted to the aforesaid Thiederic Liutburga as a benefice for the term of his life; besides established that 3 talents be given each year. LXXVII Another certain noble woman named Vizuca, in the village which is called Haldugon, her estate, with the consent of her sole heir, namely her daughter, to the monastery of the Church of Paderborn gave: which Lord Bishop Meinwerk without any contradiction possessed while she survived. But she being taken from this life, Godobold a Soldier of the Bishop himself, desiring the same gift to be made void, without a general plea of the laws and contradiction of judgment; but the other Soldiers of the Bishop, providing for peace and charity between both; led the Bishop by their counsels even to this, that he should give him in appeasement one cloak, 2 marten pelts, 2 ounces of gold, 7 pounds of silver, one horse, and certain plows also: which on the feast of S. Agatha at Herisi before suitable witnesses he did, and thus that gift thereafter remained unshaken.

[52] LXXVIII A certain noble woman likewise, named Reinike, admonished, as we believe, by divine instinct, with the consent of her brother Haold her most just heir, and each with the other's approval, for the remedy of their souls and of their kindred, whatever property she had in Dodanhusun and in Thincherdinchusun, with all appendages, buildings, mills, and serfs, whose names are these: Wecil, Doda, Bevelin, Reinbald, Azule, Gerburg, likewise Azule, Wanikin, Weldelburg, Engize, Thiezike, Eile, Ode, Ikike, to the lordship of the Church of Paderborn as property assigned. But Bishop Meinwerk, piously accepting this gift, to the aforesaid Reinike that estate in Thincherdinchusun and all the tithing in Thinkilburg, and in Lellebiki, and in Rian, and 6 families, until the end of her life, and besides 7 talents gave, and to her brother Haold for support gave 2 talents: on this condition, in the presence of Hosado the Provost, Amulung, Gerbert the Counts, and many other Canons and laymen made, that if anyone should infringe what was established, Lady Reinike should recover what was given. But a certain Noble, named Wega, whatever contradiction he had in this gift, before Bishop Gozmar at last voluntarily relinquished: and having received from the Bishop, through the Priest of Gesmeri named Unuca, 2 talents of denarii, in the presence of Amulung and Benno the Counts, what had been done and given he established and confirmed. Likewise a certain noble woman, named Godruna, LXXIX a certain estate called Gelanthorp, in the County of Bernhard the Duke and situated in the district of Tilithi, by hereditary right possessed: which with all its appendages, namely 18 mansi and serfs of both sexes, and the other profits of woods and waters, for the hope of her salvation and safety, for the obtaining of the joy of everlasting pleasantness, conferred upon the Church. But when this gift had been made without the will of her son named Hoda, the Bishop on the 12th of the Kalends of April at Mühlhausen held a plea with him; and with Sifrid, Amulung, Ekkiko, Thiederic, Tancmar, likewise Ekkiko, Tamma, Liudulf, Hamuke, Wiza the Counts, Eizo the Provost, Geza, Hiaza the bailiffs, Geza the cup-bearer, Tamma the Advocate of Hildesheim, Lady Sophia and many others helping him, what had been given by him he obtained to be renewed and established, and bestowed upon him as a reward two pelts and 8 talents.

[53] But in the ninth year of his Bishopric, and of the Lord's Incarnation 1018, LXXX a certain widow named Fretherun, for the heaviness of her sins and for the remedy of the soul of her son Widikin, through her Advocate Thiatmar, with the consent of her heir Ancia, the estate of Nederi, and the estate of Assiberg, and the estate of Haldugun and the church, and whatever in these three places she possessed, in villages, plots, waters, fisheries, fields, pastures, woods, and in all appendages and serfs, namely in Nederi nine, in Assiberge 18, in Haldugun 10, to the lordship and property of the Church of Paderborn conferred. This gift accomplished, Bishop Meinwerk to the same widow the estate of Haldugun, with all its appendages, and the estate of Heristalli with 5 horses, and 6 oxen, and 30 sheep with their young, and 30 pigs, and with 20 serfs, and 20 plows granted; and to these 12 hams, and 20 malder of wheat, and 30 urns of wine gave her; and each year promised that he would give her these same things at Easter, and besides half a talent of gold, and a fox coverlet, and a dog-skin a pelisse gave; and besides this to Ancia her daughter 5 serfs for the term of her life he gave. Another certain matron, LXXXI named Fritherun, with the assent of her daughter Anna, through her Advocate Thietmar, a certain estate of Haldungun and at Essiberge, and at Nederi, with all appendages, for the remedy of her soul and of her kindred, to the Church of Paderborn, all contradiction far removed, as property handed over. But the Bishop, rejoicing at so great benevolence and devotion, to Lady Fretherun alone each year on the feast of S. George the Martyr established that there be given for food 6 hams with giblets, 6 hams without giblets, 20 malder of wheat, 20 malder of other grain, 5 measures of beer, one cartload b of wine, 10 ewes with their lambs, 5 sheep without lambs, 5 pigs, 10 shillings of denarii; and besides all the tithing in Astnederi, and one excellent family in the same town, and in other places 16 plows until the end of her life permitted her: but to her daughter Anna all the tithing in Overonbeverungun, that she might confirm the gift, granted. These things were done on the 3rd of the Kalends of February at Wiriesi on this condition, that if the aforesaid tithings with the things granted should ever be taken away by anyone, both to the mother and to the daughter their estates should be restored; and whoever should violently gainsay these things should lie under the divine vengeance in the last judgment.

[54] LXXXII A certain Lady named Dudica, afflicted with excessive grief for the death of her husband, whatever property she had in Dorstedi, and in Lanwardeshusun, and in Ebanhusun, with all things pertaining thereto, except 30 fields and one plot, to her sons her most just heirs Thiadric and Widulo as property gave. This done, those aforesaid boys, prompted by God's admonition, for the safety of their bodies and for the remedy of their souls, those same estates with serfs of both sexes, and all other appurtenances, in the presence of Gerbert the Count and many others, to the lordship of the Church of Paderborn as property handed over. LXXXIII Another certain Lady, named Aldun, gave the Bishop 2 mansi: the Bishop on the feast of S. Mary the perpetual virgin, through Ethelredun the Priest of Gudulmun, one pound of silver for 4 years gave, but afterward 10 shillings also, that she might altogether desist from the estates given, giving her in all 2 pounds of silver, LXXXIV but of gold one ounce. Likewise a certain Lady named Geppe, of Haithorpe, whatever inheritance she had in Forsti with all its appendages, with the consent of her heirs, without any contradiction, gave to the Church; and to her Bishop Meinwerk, moved by mercy, 25 pounds of denarii as a reward bestowed. LXXXV Another certain Lady, named Luiza, in hope of eternal reward a certain estate gave to the Church; and Bishop Meinwerk gave Amulung and Erpho the Counts 4 pounds, between gold and silver, and 7 shillings of denarii, that they might give these to Luidbron, and Ekkika, and Haica, and Rothwerc her heirs, that they might approve and confirm the gift made. In Hemmedessun a certain estate Euike gave to the Church of Paderborn, LXXXVI for which the Bishop gave Lady Becela and her daughters at Heriuordi, in the presence of Bernhard the Duke, Amulung, Bernhard, Ekkiko the Counts and many others, 4 ounces of gold, that all contradiction being laid aside they might let the things done be ratified. Concerning Embriki to Lady Ibica the Bishop gave 10 malder of tithings, LXXXVII 24 modii of malt, 2 hams, and two plows of tithings.

[55] LXXXVIII A certain woman, named Mirihilt, whatever inheritance she possessed in Heringi, through her Advocate and heir named Avica, to the Bishop and his Advocate as property handed over; and from the Bishop, in the presence of Dodico, Ymido, Brun the Counts, 12 shekels of coin and one pound, which is a talent, received. Another certain woman, LXXXIX named Enike, one estate in Hardincihorpa, through her Advocate Widikind, conferred upon the Church; and that same estate as a benefice on this condition, that each year she should pay one denarius from it, from the Bishop received, and besides 5 plows from him received. Likewise a certain woman, named Oda, [XC] whatever inheritance she had in Siwardessun, to the Church conferred; and from the Bishop, in the presence of Conrad, Amulung, Erp, Thiedric the Counts, 20 shillings of denarii received. Certain sisters, named Bosa, Cristina, [XCI] Ebbica, their estates in Thesli, Sidessun, Uffanhusun, Essiberch, Ananroth, Walieressun, Suthem, Erpessun, which they possessed by hereditary right, by the hand of Bernhard the Duke, to the altar of S. Mary and of the saints Kilian and Liborius, for the remedy of their souls gave; and from the Bishop, with Nithing, Ranward the Provosts standing by, Haica the Dean, Amulung, Bernhard, Ekkika, Tiamma, Benno, Udo, Heriman the Counts, and as many Canons and laymen, one marten pelisse for 6 talents, one sable c tunic for another 6 talents, and besides between gold and silver and between horses 18 talents, as a reward received. Likewise one woman, XCII named Wennikin, with the assent of her mother Hamoda and of their Advocate Tadica, 14 fields and one plot in Hilimeri gave to the Church; and to them the Bishop 2 oxen, one cow, two pounds of wool, one horse bestowed.

[56] XCIII A certain woman likewise Oda, with the consent of her mother Bechtild, and of her sons Gerhard and Thietbald, one family and 60 fields in Asopo handed over to the Church; and to her Bishop Meinwerk 2 talents and a half bestowed, and for the end of her life and of her sons G. and T. one house with 30 fields in Paderborn distributed; and to all these gave her on the Finding of S. Stephen 30 denarii of gold, and one talent of denarii. Another certain woman, named Hathaburgis, XCIV all her inheritance conferred upon the Church; which Atholf a Soldier of the Archbishop of Cologne, with his wife named Hicila, laboring to infringe and invalidate, from the Bishop, about to go to Rome for his own business, 15 talents and 4 mansi, with 20 serfs, each of whom paid 5 shekels of silver, gave: but the Bishop having returned from Rome, to the aforesaid in reconciliation… marten pelts bestowed, and thus the gift made fully and lawfully obtained to be established. A certain man of Rangun, named Alveric, two estates in Ufflan and Ricwardessun by proprietary right possessed, [XCV] which the venerable Bishop with heavy money acquired from him. XCVI He also purchased from Thiedric and his wife Geppa at Goslar two families in Lanchel, through his Advocate Amulung, who in the presence of Benno and Udo the Counts and Hecelin the Bald, 7 ounces of gold, and 3 pounds of denarii gave them for them.

[57] XCVII These estates also by his diligence in asking, in purchasing, he acquired from the undersigned, and to the Church's profits added: one in Anansic, from Thiethard the Deacon; in Nedere from Volthard, and Lammerthrun; in Scetbeke, from Bandan and his slave Brunman; in Holthuson, from Waltbert and Etheldag; in Ethelerdinchusun and Weni, from Tiaza; in Atfritheshem and Hosissim, from Ekkika; in Rotbrachtessun, from Bunica; in Heinthorpe, from Bechttier; in Hodanhusun, from Brendeke; in Ettidessun, and Hippanhusun, and Nedderi, from Lady Hian; in Holthuson and Emingarothe, from Hillin; in Ricwardessun, from Eilica: and several others, by which he clearly declared the due solicitude of a suitable Pastor, and left to posterity a most worthy memory of himself. Since therefore it would be tedious and burdensome to some, but not idle or unfruitful to the Church of Paderborn, to describe in particular the benefits of each, what was the purity of the people in vowing and offering; in the integrity of the action, the simplicity of the intention, the tranquillity of devotion; with what rectitude of action of the Bishop, with what affection of mutual love, with what effect of suitable reward, and how great and to all his liberality showed itself, what equity and authority in the reasonable approval of the heirs, in the probable attestation of the witnesses, in the lawful execution of the advocates was preserved, let it be universally weighed: since with what they rejoiced toward one another by the reciprocal relation of love in their affection, how much on both sides they congratulated one another on the profit of the Church, can more easily be sufficiently estimated by a wise man from such indications, than fittingly narrated by another's mouth and pen.

[58] When therefore, as was said before, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1015 the Bishop had begun a chapel in honor of S. Benedict; so much the more quickly, as more devoutly, he completed it, and on the head d of the Fast of the next year, the 16th of the Kalends of March, solemnly consecrating it, for its endowment one house in Nortburgnon with a tithe he assigned, The Bishop dedicates the chapel of S. Benedict: from which he ordained that lights be provided for that same little Church, and the necessary things be administered for the uses of the sick. But the house of the sick was afterward so constructed, that one wall joined both, the chapel and the house, and the Priest assisting at the altar might communicate the sick man through a window of the wall. But on the very day of the Dedication, through the salutary penance of Confession, the Bishop granted the people the general Indulgence of absolution: setting forth to them in a sermon, as an example of penance, and the offices of the monastery completed, the life of penitents and of poor men voluntarily. But of the Brothers whom he had brought, one, named Sigehard, consecrating as Abbot, he set over the others: and certain boys of his ministerials and citizens, to be imbued with the regular norm, he delivered there. Who when with contempt of the world and appetite for virtues they walked regularly, and spread the odor of good repute and of holy conversation far and wide among the peoples, the Bishop rejoiced not a little at their conversion and conversation: pursuing with thanksgiving Him from whose gift it comes, that He should be worthily and laudably served by His faithful. Wherefore, the foundations of the monastery being laid, and the cloistral offices fittingly arranged, he hastened the things begun to be completed so much the more earnestly, as he panted more fervently to begin other things. But the cloistral boundary, suited to the quiet and benefit of the monastery, he widely fixed: and whatever in the circuit around the monastery from the public road (by which the way is straight into the city as far as the kitchen of the Bishop) lies adjacent, he assigned to the right of that same Church. But the plots toward the West, he provides for its quiet. on both sides contiguous to the Pader, to the various servants of the Court and craftsmen, and for the mandatum of the poor on the supper of the Lord, he allotted: and in the necessities of daily ministry, in the uses of food and clothing, no less decently than usefully for his sons he took care to provide. But as often as he had entered the cloister, leaving the common people outside, having taken with him grave and religious persons, who knew both to cover their own, and not to publish what belonged to others, he entered the cloister. And this thenceforth to be done, both by the tradition of the canons, and by his own institution he ordered.

NOTES OF D. P.

CHAPTER IX.

The Mother and Stepfather of the Bishop at length pay the penalties of their grave crimes, divinely chastised.

[59] Amid these things let us contemplate the admirable work of the Creator, done indeed in the Bishop unto honor, but in his mother unto disgrace; and the ineffable riches of His goodness, according to the measure of human ability, let us admire and venerate; who as he renders the sins of fathers upon the sons and grandsons, when they heap up their sins with their own, and abuse the long-suffering patience of God unto the increase of their perdition, unto the third and fourth generation; so from those untouched by paternal malice, as from a dunghill, he produces a precious pearl. The Bishop therefore, loving God in all things and above all things, showed the same love to his neighbor by examples and admonitions, and to inform each one toward the way of salvation, His widowed mother, scorning her son's admonitions, as much as was fitting to the quality of the times and the benefit of persons, he did not cease. Wherefore, his father being dead, his mother, a so that, refusing second marriages, she might strive to attain the sixtyfold fruit of widowed continence, diligently he admonished; setting before her the example of himself, who crucifying his flesh with its vices and concupiscences, chose rather to be joined to the heavenly Spouse, in mind, deed, and habit. But she, savoring the things that are of the flesh, despised the admonitions of her salvation; having entered the broad and spacious way which leads to death, so much the more unhappily as more voluptuously she walked upon it. At length, by the infamy of her malice and wickedness everywhere known and abominated, to her son the Bishop at Paderborn she came: and goods being offered to her, assigned to her for the subsidies of temporal life, she asked that the New-house b with its appurtenances, as long as she should live, be granted her by him. But he, as a snake within the bosom, with regard for piety, refusing to receive her, and taking precaution lest, having touched pitch, he be defiled by her; her fellowship or commerce in every way refused: and protesting that he neither needed nor cared for her goods; but affirming that God, to whom he had devoted himself and all his things, would give greater things, from all his Bishopric or allod he ordered her to depart as quickly as possible.

[60] she marries Count Balderic: She, repulsed with ignominy, with greater envy against him burned: seeking every approach to his destruction with feminine fury. Therefore, for his contumely and greater envy, c Balderic the Count, although a man strong, rich, and powerful, yet not suited to her marriage, she took as husband; and by his counsel, her own son, Count Thiederic, beloved by the Bishop as his own soul, while he remained in Lombardy with King Henry, on the 7th of the Ides of April, at d Uplage, a most fortified city situated near Eltene, by his men ordered to be killed; and the murder of her son Thiederic procured, and many things abominable to say and horrible to relate, which in any way she could devise and contrive, she did not blush to approve and perpetrate. Therefore rumor, an evil than which none other is swifter, thrives by mobility, flies through the peoples; with dread and horror, for the slaying of the innocent, it shakes all: the ears of the hearers ring, at the monstrousness of the crime: all are astounded; by those far off and unknown the innocence and modesty of the slain is heard; in common by all from the parricide vengeance is demanded. But the Bishop more, after the return of the Emperor with the Princes, not by excess of grief, she is first condemned to death, but by the sincerity of the love of God and of canonical rigor urging; that accursed woman by lawful summons with her abettors is summoned to Dortmund, e and being guilty of treason, and the parricide of her own son, is adjudged to death.

[61] But certain persons charging the Bishop with inhumanity toward his mother by a false compassion, and for the correction of the fault demanding pardon and life; the Bishop long and much resisted, and the flesh which had sinned to be punished temporally, that the spirit might be saved in the day of the Lord, asserted. At length, overcome by the urging of those asking, then grace of life being granted, he scarcely acquiesced: and approaching the Emperor, to his judgment and discretion how it should be ended, according to what was fitting to the honor of the Empire, and expedient for her soul, he committed it. Therefore, with those present advising, certain estates in Saxony, which she had possessed by hereditary right, and which the Bishop had granted her for the subsidies of temporal life after the death of her father, among which the principal portions are these: Immedeshuson, Walmontheim, Hauverlon, Hukelhem, Mandelbeke, Goltzbeki, Dodonhuson, Hokisneslevo, Wakereslevo, with the hand of Balderic the Count her husband and advocate, with the consent of her heirs, to the Emperor with full power she handed over. And thus by the intervention of all, she obtained the life of the flesh, and incurred the eternal death of the soul. But the Emperor, by the prayer and devotion of the venerable Bishop admonished, she is fined of various estates, which fall to the Church. of his beloved nephew, whom he knew to devote himself and all his things to the divine service, those same estates with their appendages, which are wont to be given, or can be named, and with the appurtenances of all profits, to him and to his Church, all contradiction of all men being removed, on the 4th of the Ides of January, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1016, in the Indiction f 13, at Dortmund granted; by royal authority decreeing, that no person, by any judiciary power, should intrude himself in those same estates, except the Advocate whom the Bishop himself, or any of his successors should have chosen: and if anyone should infringe this precept, he should pay 100 pounds of gold, 50 to the royal chamber, 50 to the Church of Paderborn. Of these estates Dodonhusun and Goltbeke to the new Church, which he built with the utmost zeal, the Bishop conferred, the rest he retained for himself to the lordship of the greater Church.

[62] But on account of very many affairs delaying there, for many of his fellow-workers in the vineyard of the Lord, both for the construction of new things, likewise several others, both from the Emperor, and for the repair of the fallen, with the Emperor he made use of intervention. And he himself, by the obtaining of others, namely of Erchanbald Archbishop of Mainz, and of the Bishops Heinric of Würzburg, Wicger of Verden, Arnold of Halberstadt, Berenward of Hildesheim, Thiederic of Münster, Hildiward of Zeitz, Gregory and Azzo the Romans, and many others, Berneshusun, lawfully handed over by Unwan Archbishop of Bremen to the Emperor; and the County situated in Haverga and the aforesaid places, and given by the same Emperor, for the remedy of his soul and of his kindred, as also of Otto the Third of good memory the Emperor, and of his beloved consort Cunigunde the Empress Augusta, to the same Bishop Meinwerk and to his Church five years before, which by the invasion of certain persons had been disturbed while they remained in Lombardy, on the 19th of the Kalends of February there at Dortmund he obtained to be renewed and confirmed. Balderic also the aforesaid Count, by the consent of his consort Athela, at the petition of Meinwerk the Bishop, in the presence of Heinric the Emperor, then from the Bishop's stepfather: of the Archbishops also, Meingoz of Trier, Heribert of Cologne; of the Bishops also Athalbald of Utrecht, Thiederic of Münster, Thietmar of Osnabrück, Arnold of Halberstadt; of the Laymen also Bernhard the Duke, Liudolf, Thiederic, Wicman the Counts, and of others many, a certain estate in the County of Udo the President at Himmerveldun, to him as property handed over: which that same Bishop's Advocate, named Heriman, to the property of the Church of Paderborn received.

[63] In the same year, hail of great mass came, and very many perished by lightning. But the Bishop, according to what is written, "The pestilent man being scourged, the wise man will be wiser," reckoned the destruction of others as the profit of his own correction; panting so much the more intently toward the eternal, as he weighed by the mutability of his course that earthly things do not endure. Prov. 19:25 But the mother of the Bishop, being ungrateful for the mercy conferred, whom the mother going on to oppose, to iniquity added iniquity, in every way seeking to alienate from her son all the inheritance. By which madness of mind raging with feminine fury, 10 mansi on Mount Lare near Heimmeberg in the lower land, to the Church of S. Vitus at Eltene, as if under the appearance of religion she conferred, and disposed to confer others elsewhere, which none of the secular persons (from fear of the Emperor and the Bishop, whom all knew to be one heart and one soul) dared to accept. This being learned by a swift messenger, the Bishop swiftly went to the parts of the lower land; and catching her on Mount Lare, wishing to escape by flight, at the water Emme leaping from the mountain he seized her; and protesting that she was worse than any creature, who not only would kill her own children of one womb, but even disinherit them, he caused her to be taken. But the men of his mother, favoring the side of their lady, and asserting that she had lawfully given and could have given the 10 mansi which she had given to S. Vitus; the Bishop said he was demanding nothing beyond justice; nor is he even corrected by the punishment of his men divinely inflicted, and they for the demonstration of his justice demanding the Relics of the Saints, he himself did not refuse. At once, Relics being brought from the neighboring Church of Rene, built in honor of S. g Cunera, on which they had been accustomed to swear, the Bishop rejected them; and bringing out from his storehouses the Relics of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul, and of S. Blasius, made them swear upon them. Who wishing to satisfy the rash vows of their lady, 7 men approached the Relics; and laying their hands as if to swear, soon struck by a heavenly blow, four of them lost their eyes, to the other three the raised hands stiffened, and all the days of their life they remained punished with such a blow. The manifest power of God therefore setting before his mother, nor by the son's indulgence at length sometime he exhorted her to come to her senses; and saying that he did not need the goods of B. Vitus, what she had given him, he made ratified; lest he should seem to have given his mother any occasion of perishing.

[64] Since therefore he loved God intimately, he drew many to him by his example, who from the goods temporally conferred upon them, strove to provide for themselves a dwelling of perpetual brightness. A certain free man at length, named Cuono, the property of his woods in the place which, having the name Are, even today is called Cononbusc, conferred upon him: since all things which he did he truly understood to be prospered by God, and to be done by Him for the increase of divine worship. Likewise a certain man at Helessem the water of a mill, and others other things; piously remitting his own injuries: faithfully hoping that these would in future be repaid to them a hundredfold. The Bishop turning aside thence to Radincheim, ordered a certain dorsal-cloth hung in the chamber of his mother to be taken down, and his own cloak to be hung up: and piously violent, that dorsal-cloth, secretly placed on a horse, he commanded to be carried as quickly as possible to his new monastery at Paderborn. But that same dorsal-cloth, for the memory of his name, and likewise in honor of Balderic the Count whom his mother had married, he had had made: there being painted on it, as a mark of valor for a monument to posterity, that he had slain a dragon in a certain place. After the departure therefore of the Bishop his mother, from what she ought to have profited, is made worse; and possessed by feminine fury, whatever she had in estates or other things she did not delay to dispose of. At length the village at Reinwic with its appurtenances, and likewise the church and village at Wic with its appendages, to B. Heribert Archbishop of Cologne for the monastery, which in the castle of Deutz in honor of holy Mary the perpetual virgin he built, she sold: and a precious altar-towel, woven of silk, she handed over to him; and to the principal Church of the blessed Apostle Peter a market-place in h Resse with its adjacencies, that she might be buried there, she gave: which the Bishop not only did not demand, but holding the things done agreeable, a lover of the Brothers, made a helper and fellow-worker of their devotion, praised and established them.

[65] at length the Stepfather, vainly boasting of his power, But Balderic the Count, when he had deceived as it were innocent human wisdom about the slaying of the innocent man, began as it were a powerful man to glory in empty power; and blinded by the riches of the world, captured by the love of the wicked woman, he despised in the pride of his mind God the most high, the giver of his riches and strength. At length on a certain day at Radincheim, from the higher upper room looking out in every direction, and considering the quality of the place and the manifold benefit of his site; "Since," he said, "God is said to be able to do all things, how can it be believed that He can reduce me, in so great worldly glory, in so great an abundance of all kinds of things, to want? For the Rhine passing by abundantly furnishes things delightful to sight and use; the adjacent forest sufficiently furnishes the necessary things of birds and beasts; and to suppose that from such riches one can be subjected to wants is plainly frivolous. How well and fittingly equal suits equal, when such a man is joined to such a woman!" When therefore to such and similar pleasures and vanities they were enslaved, and placed in filth deservedly by their iniquity grew filthier, an exile and a pauper he dies, two noble men being directed to them by the Emperor, departing, from an ambush they slew; and the blood of the innocent demanding vengeance from God, by just judgment by public laws condemned and proscribed, all right and law they lost. For he who deemed God impotent, to reduce him to want; a fugitive, and not using even the company or conversation of his own servants, in a foreign land by begging sought alms: and she turning aside to Cologne, and having for some time a prebend from the principal Church, and likewise from the Church of Deutz, there dies, and before the Church of B. Peter is buried: but a storm raging so fiercely, that it threatened the destruction of the whole city, as also did his wife. she is dug up and thrown into the Rhine. And the Rhine itself by its inundation and the collision of its waves for very many days so boiled, as if plainly protesting that it could not bear that accursed woman. His mother therefore being dead in this manner, the Bishop with his sister divided the hereditary goods in the lower land; and she conferring her part upon S. Vitus at Eltene, he assigned his own to the monastery which in the city of Paderborn, as was said before, he had begun.

NOTES OF G. H. AND D. P.

CHAPTER X.

Certain acts of B. Poppo of Trier; more of Meinwerk, especially concerning monasteries and servants.

[66] But in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1017, Meingoz a Archbishop of Trier died; and Athelbero b Provost of the Monastery of S. Paulinus at Trier; sprung from Lucelingeburg, a man powerful and very rich, Poppo being made Archbishop of Trier, having among other hereditary goods these Castles, Sarburg, Berencasdel, Rudiche, with that hope and confidence by which his sister Cunigunda was married to the King, affected and usurped the dignity of the Episcopal Chair. But the most Christian Emperor, for the salvation of many, scorning his kinship, in no way acquiesced in his rash daring; and being unable in various ways to restrain him raging through the Bishopric, conferred the Bishopric c upon Poppo, a man venerable and noble according to the flesh, and said to Athelbero: "Such a man ought I to appoint, who may be able to resist thy madness." But Poppo, having attained the Bishopric, destroyed the castle of Berencasdel, defended by the robbers of Athelbero; Athelbert hostile with his men, and another castle of a certain tyrant Athelbert, which is called Sisitra, likewise to the ground he cast down. Which Athelbert possessed a castle, formerly built at Trier in honor of the holy Cross; whence frequently bursting forth with a multitude of soldiers to the court of the Bishop, whatever there was prepared for his service, violently taking away he carried off. Confounded by the ignominy of this matter the Bishop, namely that he could not subdue a daily enemy so near to himself on account of the fortification of the castle; many complaints being made to his friends, to drive off infamy of this kind he began to inquire for counsel and aid.

[67] But there was in his army at that time a man powerful in riches and strong in might, named Sicko, who promised that he would attempt, if in any way he could find, a remedy for this evil. The Bishop congratulating himself enough, he goes forth to find an occasion, how he might succor the imperiled man. by the ingenious stratagem of the brave Soldier, On a certain day therefore he proceeds to the gate of the castle, and knocking at the doors asks that a cup be sent him by Athelbert for refreshment. Which when, quickly brought, he had drunk off, as though suffering excessive fervor of thirst, he addresses the cup-bearer saying: "To thy lord," he says, "on my behalf great thanksgivings announce: likewise also take care to relate these words, that, my life being safe, I will repay this cup to him most speedily with a grateful will." And having said these things he departed. Then, an opportune time being seized, thirty buckets he prepares, in each he places single chosen soldiers, mailed, and helmeted, and girded with swords, and covered over with linens, fits the ropes by which poles for carrying might be inserted. Then 60 men, no less chosen and clothed in common dress, with their swords hidden in the d buckets, he appoints as carriers; and with no one of men privy to this fraud except the aforesaid, Sicko himself with these and a few other soldiers surrounded set out to the castle, knocked at the doors. The servant asking, who he is and what he wants? "Tell thy lord," he says, "that I am bringing him the wine of great love once promised, he is slain in his own citadel: since it did not vex him to direct a cup to me thirsting." By the order therefore of Athelbert they were admitted, and Sicko entering after the others, orders to be removed the coverings of the linens, asks Athelbert to receive the gifts of love. The carriers, as they were instructed, all at one moment casting down all the coverings of the buckets, snatch their swords; the ambush leaping out of the buckets draw their swords, strongly striking on every side, slay Athelbert himself; cruelly slaughtering the rest of the keepers, reduce the castle to a wilderness.

[68] The Archbishop having visited Jerusalem, Thus by God's mercy the Bishop from the tyranny of Athelbero was wonderfully freed, and Sicko for the victory by the Bishop with benefices was magnificently distinguished. In like manner through his other Princes many castles, partly by force partly by guile, he received; and the madness of the tyrants, long raging with impunity, for the greatest part he restrained. To the monasteries indeed, almost exhausted by their violence, as he could mercifully he succored, to some giving what they did not have, to some restoring what was taken away. Is. 11:10 He, hearing the Prophet saying of Christ, "And his sepulchre shall be glorious," for the sake of prayer went to Jerusalem; and a certain Monk, in the Church of B. Maximinus under Abbot Richard e a Pilgrim and stranger, named Simeon, he took as a companion of the way. But the Bishop having returned, that same Monk in a tower, he brings S. Simeon to Trier. which before was called the Black Gate, on the festival of S. Andrew the Apostle enclosed; where afterward gloriously dead and buried, by a manifold frequency of signs, in great veneration of the faithful he was held f. He, asked by a certain Count of the Danes, Ottane, came to Denmark, and the people of the Danes still serving idols, converted to Christ. Where, the unbelievers resisting, he ordered an iron glove to be made, and it to be made fiery: with which his hand being clad, and not harmed, and clothed to the flesh with a linen cloth soaked in wax, he entered the glowing furnace; and thence coming out unharmed, the cloth being burned, declared Christ the son of God to be true God by this token. This even today among the Danes g by famous report is spread abroad; by whom he is also called Anscharius; h by which name his memory by them on the 5th of the Ides of i September is celebrated, and his sepulchre at Trier is frequented by the Danes.

[69] In the aforesaid year, there was held a famous assembly of Princes, in the place which is called k Liezgo, in the presence of the Emperor Heinric, with the Archbishops Erchanbald of Mainz, Poppo of Trier, Meinwerk the Bishop acquires 2 estates for his new monastery, Gero of Magdeburg, Unwan of Bremen; the Bishops also Arnold of Halberstadt, Eppo of Bamberg, Thiederic of Metz, Heinric of Würzburg, Thiederic of Münster, Heinric of Parma, Thiederic of Minden, Thiemmo of Merseburg, Heric of Havelberg, Meinwerk of Paderborn. The Laymen also Bernard the Duke, Sigifrid and Ezico the Counts, with many other nobles, for the honor and dignity of the Empire arranging many necessary things. There the Emperor, hearing from Lord Bishop Meinwerk of the foundation of the new monastery, in a certain way the special object of his zeal, and rejoicing at his devotion, rendered him thanksgivings; and a certain estate situated in the Saxon district of Hesse, in the County of Count Heriman, in the village named Nedere, with serfs of both sexes, and all the utensils which in any way could come from thence, which a certain man named Redialdus had lawfully and by chapter inherited into the Imperial hands, to the Brothers in that same monastery, who would serve Christ, on the 6th of the Ides of July conferred. On the following day l there, by the heirs of Ekkihard the Count, concerning the Abbey of Helmwardeshusun a complaint being held, and long and much among the Princes debated, at length it was adjudged to the crown. And because neither in resources nor in ministerials it could be of service to the crown, by the intervention and counsel of the Bishops and Princes aforesaid, to Bishop Meinwerk and his successors, from the See of Paderborn episcopally, according to the rule of S. Benedict to be governed and possessed, it was conferred.

[70] In that same year too the Emperor again entered Poland with an army, and it and Bohemia and Moravia being subjected by God's clemency, with regard for mercy and piety, having pitied the trampling and destruction of the Church of Merseburg, out of reverence for S. Lawrence, in its buildings, in its ministerials, in its secular possessions, in its ecclesiastical ornaments, to the former rank of Pontifical dignity, restored it. Amid these things, when the Bishop, both to the necessities of the kingdom, and to the benefits of the Church committed to him skillfully attended; by chance he passed by Corvey, and remembering B. Stephen the Protomartyr the Patron of that place, for himself and all his own, in his memory, he turned aside thither to immolate to the Lord God the salutary Host. But that same Church, situated on the bank of the river Weser, built by Lewis the son of Charles the Emperor the Great, and dedicated by the blessed Badurad Bishop of Paderborn, with the increases of time both of religion and of temporal possession profiting and growing by increments. But when delights had loosed the rigor of discipline, Meinwerk being made Bishop, had come to it, that according to canonical authority he might correct what was irregular he had observed there. But expelled with great injury to himself and his men, and himself being injuriously treated, he went to King Heinric; and obtained that, the Abbot named Wal m being deposed, another named Druthmar, through whom the cloistral religion might be reformed, should succeed. Which as it rendered him commendable to the religious, so it rendered him hateful to the irreligious: so much, that while the rancor of hatred and envy lasted, a keeper of that same Church named Boso, the altar having been prepared, in irritation running up, cast down the preparation; and according to the authority and liberty of that same place, forbade the divine offices to be celebrated except by his permission.

[71] Which the Bishop hearing, entered the Chapter, and a word being had to the Brothers concerning the reverence of Prelates, concerning the disobedience of subjects, to satisfaction, both him who did the injury and the consenters he humbly took care to provoke, he foretells that the author of the injury will die with him. saying: that they ought and it was fitting for them to render honor to the See, in whose diocese they dwelt; whose Presidents even if sometimes they walked incautiously, their enormity was to be avoided, their obstinacy to be reproved; but not the power of the Chair, which is granted not to sacred places on account of persons, but on account of sacred places to persons, was to be overturned. Who when they were held the more sluggish to hear him, the pulpit he ascended, and having spoken a few things suitable to the matter and time to the people, made known all that had been done; and him who had inflicted the injury, to satisfaction publicly before all he called. Who when, summoned a third time, he had not come, not by a vow of vengeance, but by the proclamation of prophecy, he charged him, that on whatever day he himself should go out of the body, that man should depart with him to the tribunal of Christ, to answer to him concerning the injury inflicted. O holy soul! O pure conscience! which, still clothed with the veil of the flesh, bound souls before the divine judgment. But the Bishop departing in such a manner, the Abbot with the Brothers having pursued him into the city of Paderborn, obtained full reconciliation: but for him who had done the contumely, often and much asked, that the decree of God could not be changed, he declared.

[72] Since therefore his constancy, by which in his justice he trusted like a lion, we have heard; let us briefly hear the marks of his humility and piety. The lordly estates of his bishopric going around, frequently the fallen he repaired, and the repaired by his safeguard skillfully made firm; as he was useful in acquiring, so faithful in preserving. The hard justice of the ancient servitude of the "Liti" n, by a new grace of paternal piety he relieved; establishing that they should be aided by the bailiffs in the necessities of food and drink, he provides for the conveniences of the Colonists, which before was done at the time of harvest. But on a certain time he came to his estate of Barghusun; and wishing to test the fidelity and love of the servants toward the bailiff, he ordered the companions of his journey, that over the corn which in the house was being threshed they should drive the horses: saying, that the servants, if they were faithful, would drive them back; if not, as if congratulating the bailiff's loss, would let them be. But the servants as if running about for the service of the Bishop, the horses the corn to be threshed began to consume and trample. Whence the servants, much accused of the vice of infidelity and carelessness, by his order were most severely with rods scourged: whom afterward refreshing most abundantly with plenty of foods, concerning the fidelity to be kept toward his bailiff he fatherly admonished. And coming in the following year, and of the servants subject to them, and being shut out from entrance, he gave thanks as if for the contempt shown him: and entering secretly through an upper door, he heard the mistress of the household murmuring under her breath, that the workmen were fed with a meager little sip of meal: and that to the servants of that same court, two hams yearly should be given, besides those which were given by the bailiff, by the mercy of paternal piety he established. Coming also to o Nihem, he found the garden covered with nettle and rocket and other noxious herbs, except a small space in the middle. Whereupon presently ordering the bailiff's wife to be stripped of her ambitious garments, until the noxious growth which had grown up high should be made level with the earth, through the whole garden he ordered her to be dragged: he chastises the slothful, whom, sorrowful, consoling with accustomed blandishments, with his wonted liberality he cheered: and the following year finding the whole garden cultivated with all diligence and abundance, with greater thanksgiving and bestowal of gifts rewarded her.

[73] Coming to another certain estate, the mistress of the household why she lacked chicks and hens he blamed: he rewards the industrious; and her complaining of the scarcity of feed, he ordered her to cause it to be done, that for the feeding of the chicks from place to place through the court at intervals of time she should provide them to be moved. This being done, the Bishop coming again to the same estate, the chicks abounding which had grown from the feeding of little worms, he gave thanks; and beseeching her henceforth to be made more devoted, the zeal of her labor with his gifts and goods he recompensed. On a certain time, in the Advent of the Lord, when the bailiffs are wont to give pigs, standing in the gallery of the Episcopal house, he saw a certain woman with her only son following a pig and weeping most lovingly: he frees a poor woman from the bailiff oppressing her, and presently summoning her, the causes of so great weeping diligently from her he inquired. But she, complaining that her husband being dead she was destitute of human help, and asserting that she had fed that pig from the bread which her son by begging had sought, by the violence of the bailiff of Enenhus to which it belonged, the Bishop grievously groaned: and his breast beating with his own hands, with tears thus arising he speaks: "Woe to thee, most wretched Bishop Meinwerk! How do unhappy men for the sake of their gain plunge thy soul to hell?" Knowing therefore what is written: "He lendeth to the Lord, who hath mercy on the poor"; the bailiff being summoned, he gave back to her the manse of the widow; and from his mastery with her son releasing her, from his alms ordered them to be sustained for all the time of life. Prov. 19:17 A strong famine being made in his days, messengers being sent he caused corn to be procured at Cologne, he provides for the public famine. and two ships laden to be carried to the lower land; and by the dispensation of the bailiffs over p the Veluwe and in Testerbant he so ordered it to be distributed, that one part to one's own, another to the family's needs, according to the number of the household, should be distributed; the third for the produce of seed, the fourth to the beggars should be paid out. Which the Bishop's mandate the bailiff over the Veluwe devoutly to carry out strove: but that one in Testerbant the part ordained for the poor perniciously did not fear to defraud. Which the Bishop hearing, not for the defrauded but for the defrauder vehemently grieved: and, because none of his successors would have the honor of his predecessors after the fourth generation, he foretold.

[74] On a certain time the offices of his new monastery going around after the wonted manner, the Brothers in the Chapter q sitting together, he entered the kitchen; and the servants by chance finding it empty, a piece of bread being found he thrust it into the pots set on the fire: he tests the parsimony of the Abbot in the dryness of the diet but no kind of fatness or admixture except water and plain food observing, at the time of speaking he entered the Chapter: and complaining of the dry food of his sons and Brothers, what in the kitchen he had seen and done, he related. But the Abbot, for the keeping of virtues, asserting that parsimony was to be observed, the venerable Bishop replied; that if he himself wished to be religious or to seem so, severe toward his own life, toward his subjects he should be kind; the Evangelical and Apostolic teachings being set forth, how the laboring husbandman was worthy of the reward of his work. And authority being given, how the Lord delivered the keys of the Church to B. Peter the Apostle, and the Church having so great power, in a general r Synod, to Monks, since they had not a plenty of oil, not the eating of the flesh of four-footed animals, and corrects, once but the fat akin to flesh indulged; the bailiffs being summoned, he ordered pigs to be given, from whose lard and fatness the food of the Brothers to be prepared he ordered. Behold how to those who love God all things work together for good, and to those who seek the kingdom of God and his justice in the rigor of cloistral discipline in the Chapter, the necessities of the exterior life are added. Laudable indeed is the so kind affection of the pious Pastor toward the sheep entrusted to him, imitable too is the profit to those who love God in religion and in the execution of cloistral discipline. But wishing to prove the observance of his disposition, the Bishop, and again. on a certain day clothed in a lay cape, the kitchen of the Brothers entered again; and as if an unknown stranger, concerning the situation, state, habit of the monastic conversation, cloistral religion, daily refection curiously inquiring; that a blessed life, as far as regards God, was led there; but a wretched one, as far as regards the use of bodily want, was passed, from the cook he heard. Whence hastening back to his chamber, he ordered the Abbot to be summoned quickly; and concerning the sluggish execution of his dispositions grievously accusing him, nine excellent hams he ordered to be carried with himself to the cloister.

[75] But kindled by the fire of divine love, nothing of earthly labor did he shun, he secretly surveys the diocese in the habit of a merchant. but for the salvation of his subjects and the benefit of his Church he persisted in all manners and hours. Aspiring at length to the image of heavenly things, he despised the appearance of earthly ones; neither blushing to be humbled for Christ, nor to be injured for him. For made less in his own eyes, he wished to test by himself the fidelity of his subjects, the hope and devotion of each toward God: and assuming the habit of a certain merchant with his wares, he went about a diligent explorer of the Bishopric. But since according to the Savior's saying, nothing is hidden which shall not be revealed, quickly this is divulged to certain persons: of whom the bailiff of Balhorn made it known to his wife, and what at the coming of the Bishop she should say or do, taught her. But the Bishop coming everywhere, and receiving various things from various persons, came also to Balhorn; and the mistress of the household suppliantly greeting, offered her of his wares whatever desirable things to be bought. She as if vehemently inflamed against him, at once summoned her husband; and that a certain seducer had come, and to her with his wares had urged, she proclaims, so that with the goods entrusted, by her infidelity shown to the Lord, with temporal loss they might lie under the peril of the soul.

NOTES OF G. H. AND D. P.

Brower in his Scholia asserts that it is referred by Thietmar to the year 1015 in these words: "On the Vigil of Pentecost the Emperor came to Immaleshusen, there with the Prelate Meinwerk festively keeping this holy festivity. There Wal of Corvey, previously suspended from his charge, is deposed; and one from the monastery of Lorsch, Druchtmer, without the consent of the aforesaid Brothers, is assigned. He coming to his See this week…, all the Congregation, except nine, weeping departed, and this place almost empty not willingly left." The same things are had in the Manuscript Saxon Chronicle, and it is added that this was done, as Luidolf the venerable Abbot had foretold would happen: but to many, again by God's grace converted, it seemed better to submit themselves to the Rule than miserably to wander in the world. Another similar Chronicle asserts that sixteen rebels were delivered to custody; and so it came about that very few remained, the rest being miserably occupied with the world, most of whom however came to their senses. Furthermore both the aforesaid Liudolf and Druthmar, the Abbots, were translated and shone with miracles in the year 1046; Adolf adds, moreover, that again their bodies were found in the year 1662: of both therefore it can be treated by us in the Supplement of February, for Druthmar died, as Lambert testifies, on the 15th of the Kalends of March 1046.

p The Veluwe is part of the fourth quarter of the Duchy of Gelderland, under the city of Arnhem. But Testerbant rather looks toward Brabant, where is the town of Heusden.

q "Capitolium" is here said for what is commonly the "Capitulum" (Chapter), the place of judgment and counsel of the cenobitic community: for the authorities of Hincmar and others for this acceptation, see them collected in Du Cange in the Glossary.

r Adolf thinks that reference is here made to the Synod held at Aachen in the year 887, which among other things prescribed for the Regulars in chapter 22 indulges: "Fatness for eating, except on the sixth Feria, and the twenty days before the Nativity of the Lord, and that week before Lent which is called Quinquagesima."

CHAPTER XI.

The benefit of the Diocese procured in various ways by the Bishop.

[76] But the Bishop, remembering his vow, which at Rome he had vowed to S. * Alexius, a monastery with a congregation in his honor, The Bishop founds the oratory of S. Alexius: in the place which is called Sulithe, disposed to build: but fearing the uncertainty of human mutability, meanwhile for him a chapel of conspicuous work at the entrance of the city, near the new monastery, he caused to be built; and consecrating it on the thirteenth of the Kalends of February, assigned it to the provision of that same monastery, and in commemoration of B. Alexius endowed and marked it with such a right of mercy; that whosoever, convicted by forensic law, and to the sentence of condemnation assigned, should have touched the chapel, to the penalty assigned should not be liable. Near the principal monastery also, a certain chapel, contiguous to the chapel built in honor of S. Mary the perpetual virgin by Gerold a a kinsman and standard-bearer of Charles the Great the Emperor, through Greek b workmen he built, he divides the parishes, larger than was just. and dedicated it in honor of S. Bartholomew the Apostle. In very many parishes he mercifully succored the peoples, in the difficulty of the very long journey to the Churches, either by new parishes made in the division of others, or by chapels built in them. Among whom to the people of c Suidburgnon, belonging to the parish of the forensic Church in the city of Paderborn, he granted to build a church; and it being founded upon land belonging to the court assigned by him to his new Monastery, the Episcopal ban for the right of the greater Church being preserved, to that same Monastery by proprietary right to be possessed he assigned it: where afterward by Wolfgang d of blessed memory a stone church was built; Bishop Rotho e, successor of Bishop Meinwerk, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1043, on the 17th of the Kalends of November, in honor of f S. Gallus the Confessor of Christ dedicated it.

[77] At Herford g the basilica of S. Mary, which is called at the Cross, he dedicated: which the one and only hope of mortals, for a singular refuge there of the wretched, ordered to be built for herself. At Herford he dedicates a church, For indeed the church of Herford, like the church of Corvey, situated in the Bishopric of Paderborn, built by Lewis the son of Charles the Great, and dedicated by the blessed Badurad Bishop of Paderborn, is established to have been dedicated: which of all the adornment of its former honor and beauty both by the devastation of the Hungarians h, and by the invasion of Thietmar brother of Bernhard Duke of Saxony despoiled, almost had been destitute. To a certain man therefore afflicted by hunger and nakedness, a poor man, on the day of the feast of the holy Martyrs Gervasius and Protasius, to the aforesaid Herford monastery, from an apparition of the Mother of God, on account of the munificence of the Nuns heard there, wishing to go; the most pious Virgin Mary herself appearing face to face, ordered him to announce to the Abbess and Sisters of that same monastery, that, their former life being changed, they should press upon spiritual exercise as much as they pressed upon temporal building; saying, that through this she would revisit her seat, and would guard those invoking her with perpetual protection; adding, that the place in which she appeared to him, for the veneration of her name and the intercession of Christians she had chosen beforehand: that, if anyone should seek her there faithfully, he might find her, and rejoice that he had obtained what he had justly asked. But the poor man trembling to indicate so great a vision, and for the confirming of the truth of his legation suppliantly asking some sign: "This shall be to thee a sign," says the most pious Virgin, "that of no inflicted penalty, she ordering a Cross to be set up where she stood, not even of any scar shall any trouble touch thee." Who for a greater token of the truth, yet another sign asking: "Cut off," says the Mother of God, "a staff, and making from it the sign of the Cross, place it where thou shalt know my feet to have been; and if they believe not the word of the former sign, let them believe the showing of the latter: for at whatever time to this place they shall come, me upon that same Cross which thou art to make, sitting in the likeness of a dove, they shall see." The Abbess therefore named Godesti, with the Sisters, it obtaining its name. this message being received, Bishop Meinwerk with the neighboring Clerics of the nearest monasteries is summoned: by the counsel of all, with fasts and prayers from God the matter is inquired into: the messenger examined by the judgment of water and red-hot iron, is declared safe: the dove, sought in the shown place, is found sitting upon the Cross: and with the greatest devotion and veneration of all the basilica is built and dedicated, and obtains the name "At the Cross." i

[78] A wall also in the circuit of the city in the city of Paderborn he built. He fortifies the city. The Episcopal house from the foundations he raised: and not only the walls of that city he took care to restore and renew, but also whatever in other places of his provision destroyed or aged he found, he hastened to destroy, renew, improve. Manifold exercises of studies flourished under him: he fosters studies, and youths and boys of good disposition were strenuously instructed by the Regular norm, advancing not sluggishly in cloistral discipline, and in the doctrine of all letters. This shone under his sister's son k Imad the Bishop, under whom in the Church of Paderborn public studies flourished: when there were Musicians and Dialecticians, the Rhetoricians shone forth and famous Grammarians; when the Masters of arts practiced the trivium, l whose whole study was about the quadrivium: when the Mathematicians and Astronomers shone, there were held Physicists and Geometers, Horace flourished, the great Virgil too, Crispus and Sallust, and the urbane Statius; and it was a sport for all to toil over verses, and compositions and pleasant songs. Of whom the continual diligence in writing and painting shines manifoldly by today's experience; while the study of the noble Clerics is weighed by the use of useful books. The aforesaid Imad too the Bishop, in the time of his boyhood, was nourished there with so great rigor of cloistral discipline, that he was never permitted to see his father outside the convent specially, or to converse with him: the Bishop saying, that boys and adolescents ought to be educated with strictness, and not by harmful blandishments to be soothed: since blandishments would furnish them the nourishments of audacity and ferocity. There grew up with him too into recruits of the heavenly warfare, Anno m Archbishop of Cologne, Fritheric of Münster, and very many others, afterward strenuous workers in the vineyard of the Lord.

[79] He adorns the church. The ecclesiastical treasure and adornment, under his predecessor by the devastation of fire burned up, he manifoldly renewed: and among other conspicuous gifts of his magnificence, by a table of most precious gold, and three chalices likewise of tested and best gold, the treasury of the Church as decently as usefully he enlarged and adorned. A crown of conspicuous magnitude and magnificent work the face of the temple adorned, and by the exterior adornment, and by so great and such apparatus of ecclesiastical dignity and benefit, the habit of the interior man, adorned with the love of God and of neighbor, he wonderfully declared. Whom in the devout veneration of very many Saints further illustrating, he illustrates the feasts of the Saints. the day of S. Boniface and his Companions to be celebrated, throughout the whole Bishopric of Paderborn, by annual observance he instituted: with festive solemnity the feast of the holy seven Brothers to be venerated he disposed; S. Alexius with great devotion he honored; S. Longinus the Martyr, who with a lance opened the side of the Savior hanging on the cross n, with very many others, whom it is long to pursue singly, in wonderful veneration he held. Of his most ample alms, Although bountiful in alms, which in the royal house, through all the time of his life with daily devotion he displayed, that same house stood witness; which in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1058, the whole city of Paderborn, by heavenly judgment, by fire devastated, alone survived, with one forensic house.

[80] How humble, liberal, and munificent he was, how much with those who hated peace he was peaceful, from his other works let it be weighed: lest the true relation of this matter should seem to have aimed more at favor than to have commended his virtues. The poverty of the Canons, who up to his times lacked white bread in the daily prebend, from the bans of the parishes, which his successor Rotho assigned to the Provostship for the sake of this business, yet he suffered detractors and the envious. he disposed to relieve: but when by no means with them he could so labor, that the ecclesiastical Benefices equally among them should be divided, from this intention he desisted. Whence virtue, not finding in him what to reproach, envy the companion of another's felicity had what to find fault with; which, weighing the virtues of his manners, not by their dignity, but by the urbanity of words, an occasion from the negligence of the Mass, as has been said, being taken, called him an idiot: and the duplicity of favoring arrogance, mocking the simplicity of his benevolence, by which according to the quality of the times he condescended to the weak,

"Watering the little ones with milk, feeding the strong with bread,"

called him a buffoon. Against which it is superfluous by an exaggeration of words to argue more in commendation of the blessed man; since his knowledge, by the efficacy of his works has shone, and his benevolence has been to many the way of salvation. Which since it can be seen clearer than light from the things related, still more from the things to be related

His manners, zeal, gifts, will, labors, it is not burdensome to behold. The man therefore tending, wholly of virtues, always to better things, watched over the advancements of the Church committed to him with all care; hoping that he through compassion for his neighbor would attain to the love of God.

[81] In the ninth year therefore of his Bishopric, of the Lord's Incarnation 1018, he obtains Siburghusen; Berenward Bishop of Hildesheim, in the Lenten season a Synod at Goslar held; in which, the Emperor presiding with the Bishops and the rest of the chief men of the kingdom, Godescalc the son of Ekkihard the Count, o and Gertrude the daughter of Count Ekkibert he separated. On the next eighth of the Ides of April, the solemnities of the sacrosanct Lord's Resurrection, Bishop Meinwerk at Paderborn being celebrated, to the Emperor at Nijmegen proceeded; and on the Sunday on which the White garments were then laid aside, namely on the Ides of April, by the intervention of Cunigunda the Empress, and of the Archbishops Poppo of Trier, Erchanbald of Mainz; of the Bishops also, Everhard of Bamberg, Athelbald of Utrecht; likewise of Poppo Abbot of Vulta; of Godefrid, Bernhard the Dukes, Becelin the Count, the estate of Siburgehuson in the county of Udo the Count, he reconciles peace, in the district of Hemmerfeldun situated, he obtained. In the next year, the Emperor with an army, against Bernhard p Duke of Saxony, to the castle of Scalkaburg proceeded; and there, by the mediation of Lord Bishop Meinwerk, with his friends in peace settled all things. he advises that the monastery of Lisborn be commended to the Bishop of Münster: On the seventeenth of the Kalends of April, the Emperor coming to Goslar, by the intervention and petition of Cunigunda the Empress, and of the Bishops Adalbald of Utrecht, Meinwerk of Paderborn, Everhard of Bamberg, and of Godefrid the Duke, the Abbey q of Lisborn, situated in the District of Driene, in the county of Heriman the Count, to Thiederic Bishop of the Church of Münster, and to his successors in such a manner conferred; that the Bishops of that same Church in the aforesaid place by imperial authority thenceforth of ordaining the service of God, according to the divine love and fear, should have free faculty: and concerning the Advocates, in the aforesaid place according to their will the advocacy among their own soldiery, according to what should seem better to them, for the benefit of that same Church of Lisborn they should manage and ordain.

[82] In the same place and year, on the next r 13th of the Kalends of April, the Saturday before Palm Sunday, by the intervention of Cunigunda the Empress, and of the Bishops also Gero, he himself receives Schedize: Unwan, Arnold, Dietric, Hiltiward, and Eric; and of the Nobles of the kingdom, Bernhard the Duke, Sigifrid, Heriman, Ekkihard the Counts, by the deliberation of counsel, the Abbey s of Sceldize, situated in the district of Wessaga in the County of Fritheric the Count, to Bishop Meinwerk gave. On the next Easter, the Lord Apostolic Benedict by the Emperor and all the Princes at Bamberg most gloriously received t, according to his promise, to the Pontiff he praises the beneficence of S. Henry of that same Church the new plantation he visited: and on the eighth of the Kalends of May, the Basilica in honor of S. Stephen the Protomartyr consecrating, with the most precious Relics, which there are preserved, he adorned it. Where amid the solemnities of the Masses, by the cooperation of forty Bishops, and by the unanimous consent of the Princes, that Bishopric free from all secular power he established to be; and all things, toward the Church of Bamberg; which to the Pontifical dignity and benefit were fitting, by the authority of his presence and the attestation of his privilege, and the firmness of his ban, he strengthened. Bishop Meinwerk therefore, desiring the Apostolic one to be a partaker of his joy in the Lord, concerning the promotion of the Church committed to him, how great goods the Emperor had conferred upon him, made known: and, that by his intervention he might deserve to receive greater things, suppliantly he asked. To whom the devotion of paternal piety assenting, he was to him with the Emperor by the obtaining of his prayers no small support; as afterward the bounteous bestowal of great things proved. he prays for S. Heimerad deceased. After these things, on the fourth of the Kalends of July of that year, Heimerad u the holy Priest on Mount Hasungo, in which it was well-pleasing to the most High that he should dwell, to Christ migrated; and Bishop Meinwerk, his death being heard, his soul by the famous commemoration of Masses and alms commended to God.

NOTES OF G. H. AND D. P.

* num. 24.

p The humble lineage of Bernhard the Duke, and especially his rebellion against the Bishop of Bremen, Adam explains in book 2 chapter 33, which Meibom attempts to refute in the Vindiciae Billingae cited by Adolf: but here he warns that Schalkenborg today is called Lüneburg.

q Lisborn the Abbey near the river Lippe … distant from the city of Lippe or Lippstadt 2 hours' leagues, even now in the district of Stromberg of the Bishopric of Münster. In this Abbey lived the Monk Bernard Witti, by whom we have historical works described: in which the diploma of this donation is reported; the Abbots down to these times Bucelin enumerates.

r Rather, the 12th of the Kalends of April: for since in the year 1019, the Dominical letter D running, Easter had to be celebrated on 29 March, it is plain that the Saturday before Palm Sunday concurred with the 21st of the same.

s Sceldice, once a college of noble Virgins at the village of Schilse, within the first milestone from the town of Bielefeld in the County of Ravensberg: now in some part infected with the Lutheran plague, though many hold the Roman rites. The records of that same donation Adolf has in his Notes page 379.

t The Chronicle of Hildesheim at the year 1019: "In that year at Easter the Emperor received the Pope from Rome at Bamberg into his lodging": this Dedication therefore would have been made on the 6th Feria before the 4th Sunday after Easter.

u The Manuscript Annals of Corvey in Adolf: "In the year 1019, Hemerad the Monk on the Vigil of S. Peter died, and at once the Lord worked many virtues through him": which will appear more fully in his Life, to be given at the said day.

CHAPTER XII.

After SS. Henry the Emperor and Heribert the Archbishop were reconciled to one another, Meinwerk is endowed with various estates.

[83] In the following year, after the Nativity of the Lord, the Emperor, the army being set in motion, a certain count Otto, in worldly dignity excelling not a little, in the castle which is called a Hamerstein, situated above the bank of the Rhine, besieged: since the same Count the Bishopric of Mainz with much infestation more often ranging through, with iron and fire laid waste; the Emperor offended at S. Heribert of Cologne, with great hatred against the Prelate of that same city vehemently inflamed, because by him on account of an unlawful marriage by the judgment of a general Council he had been anathematized. When therefore by the complaint of that same Prelate the Emperor being stirred up, in the aforesaid castle him besieged; to the venerable Heribert b of the Church of Cologne Archbishop, he commanded, that he himself in aid to him with his men should come in haste. But he, with immense fevers then wearied, what was commanded to fulfill was not able; and on account of this the Emperor being moved, thought him to hold the times of his Empire in hatred. For by ancient suspicion scandalized, because * (as was said before) being occupied in burying his predecessor's body, he was not present at his election; the envious, who never will be lacking if there be those to whom it may be persuaded, having found an occasion of disparaging the Saint, more than was just he lent his ear; and his answer being received, with great fury; "If," he said, "he himself disdains to come to me, I, because he is sick, have to visit him." And with this wrath, soon when he had stormed the enemy, to Cologne he hastened; he is divinely prohibited from harming him: the envious threatening and too much thrusting themselves forward, who the already burning fire of his fury more and more blew up with their malevolent tongues, detracting from the innocent man of God. But on that very night, on which the Emperor having entered Cologne, most dutifully by the man of God had been received, when he had given himself to sleep; he saw in dreams a certain as it were venerable man, adorned with Pontifical garb, thus addressing him: "Beware," he said, "O Emperor, lest hereafter thou sin against my fellow-servant Heribert: know that man to be acceptable to God, against whom if thou commit anything, thou without doubt shalt bear the judgment."

[84] Doubtless by the grace of God having mercy, by thus forewarning the Emperor, he spared his ignorance: because namely in that he held such a man suspect, not by malice but by ignorance he sinned. For indeed the fear of the Lord possessed the soul of that same Emperor, nor knowingly did he desire to dispose or judge anything, by which the heavenly Majesty might be offended. At length when anything of the affairs of the kingdom he intended to dispose or judge, all his dispositions or judgments, by prayers and alms he preceded: that his mind and act might be governed by heavenly rule, lest at any time he should err in acting, or judging, anything which to the divine laws might be contrary. Morning therefore being come, when the Emperor, in mind changed, wherefore, pardon being humbly asked of him, the man of God to himself had called; and that which heavenly had happened, that by a supernal regard the King had been pricked, the holy man being ignorant, and therefore with tearful eyes before him uttering a complaint, asking the causes on account of which he was so long hostile to him; suddenly the Emperor rose up, and the man of God embracing rushed into his kisses. He admiring these things, likewise received words of consolation from him: "From the time," he said, "I ascended to the summit of the Kingdom, God granting, too credulous to the tongues of detractors, I confess, venerable Father, I held thee hateful: and bearing this beam of hatred in my eye, and therefore seeing nothing, I held an unjust judgment of thee; and thy justice, nay rather the grace of God shining in thee, I did not deserve to see. Moreover, thee being silent, heaven cries out over thee, and thy cause defends before me: for He himself, who of his Saints has care always and has had, as it is written: 'He left not a man to harm them, and he reproved Kings for their sake: touch not my Anointed, and do not malign my Prophets,' Psalm 104; he himself reproved me for thee, that I may know that among his elect thou art reckoned. Pardon therefore, I pray thee, that I have maligned thee, or that I deliberated to touch thee a servant of God: for I acknowledge my sin, nor will I any more add to oppose thy sanctity."

[85] These things said, once, again, and a third time the holy Pontiff he kissed; doubtless weaving the threefold knot of love, of which the Wise man speaks, "A threefold cord is hardly broken." Eccl. 4:12 And without delay, the man of God, now a friend, the friend near himself to sit he made. The adversaries seeing these things, were turned to flight: but the rest of the faithful blessed the Lord. Nor content with this satisfaction the religious King, still about the divine judgment was solicitous: and with the past reconciliation not content, the following night, the solemnities of Matins being finished, one of the Clerics being taken, the chamber of the Pontiff he approached; on his knees and with tears he bids him farewell: but not there resting, but in the nearby oratory of S. John watching, as he was wont, and persisting in prayers he found him. At once, his cloak being cast off, prostrate on the ground, before his feet, in the spirit of humility and in a contrite mind, to be received he asks; and by that power which to his Priests the Lord conferred, that pardon be given him of all things which against him he had committed. Nor delaying the servant of almighty God, the Emperor prostrate from the ground raises up, and according to the faith of the King, releases the pardon of the fault. But this was to this servant of the Lord the beginning of eternal consolation, since he who from this valley of tears was straightway about to ascend to the joy of the divine vision. For the same man of the Lord, the Spirit revealing it to him, foreknowing this, said in that secret among other things to the same Emperor: "Thou shalt know most certainly, that after thy departure, by which we are now to be separated, our faces toward one another in this world we shall by no means see." So much the more the Emperor, pricked in heart, again into the embraces and kisses of the Bishop rushed; weeping likewise, and almost all his members, hands, and eyes, and neck too, with fixed kisses caressing. This done, secretly to his chamber he returned, carrying back a sorrowful memory of the prophecy of the blessed man; which also afterward, his passing following, he found to have been true, and he himself, as he had heard, with his own mouth narrated.

[86] But the venerable Bishop Meinwerk, at the reconciliation of mutual love, then he gives Meinwerk Tribur, which between them he had often labored to reform, rejoiced not a little; and that his sins, which against the holy man, although ignorantly, he had committed, by the works of mercy fully before God he might wash away, he exhorted the Emperor. The most Christian Emperor therefore, learned in all the knowledge of letters, and understanding by himself that this was expedient for him, and gladly obeying his counselor, by the intervention and untiring service of that same Bishop Meinwerk, for the redemption of his soul, and of his beloved wife Cunigunda the Empress, a certain estate of royal right named Tribur, in the Saxon district of Westphalia situated, in the County of Heriman the Count, with all appendages, male and female servants, freemen also, with such service and tax as they paid and rendered to the King, and all other things pertaining to that same place, to the Abbey at Paderborn, by the aforesaid Bishop begun and established, there at Cologne on the 12th of the Kalends of March by testamentary authority gave: and turning aside thence to Bamberg, Lent there he celebrated. Thus by God's mercy in the monastery of Paderborn, religion increasing, the revenue too of that same Church increased, giving to posterity the form of a most right norm; that both for all the necessities of soul and body to the heavenly Father, knowing what is necessary for us, devoutly service be rendered; lest while religion begets riches, riches destroy religion, and thus both perish, let it be discreetly guarded against.

[87] and S. Heribert being dead On the next 17th of the Kalends of April the blessed Heribert Archbishop of Cologne his mortal life into the angelic changed, and into his place Piligrin the royal Chaplain entered. But on that same night, on which S. Heribert, after the completed warfare of this life, about to receive the supernal gift, to the heavens migrated; Eppo c a memorable man, of the Church of Bamberg Bishop, in illustrious manners and not contemptible virtues flourishing, a vision of this kind saw. He was entering as it were a certain great and splendid Capitol; and behold there sat an innumerable assembly of venerable persons, Bishops, Abbots, Kings and Emperors, and the other illustrious men of whatever order, each clothed according to his order, and all beautiful and reverend, as if to hold a general Council gathered. Moreover, in the midst of those sitting, in a conspicuous place an Episcopal chair was seen placed, not yet having an occupant, but nevertheless for this prepared, that in it someone should sit. When therefore the place of so great amplitude, and the assembly of so venerable a multitude, looking in, he saw; by admiration likewise and fear oppressed, he by no means presumed to enter. When therefore he so stood astonished, behold one of that holy senate, and as it were of so great a body of Patricians rising, and even to him standing before the doors advancing (whom he himself too, as it seemed to him, had long ago known) taking him by the hand led him in; and, that upon the vacant seat he should sit, nodded. He, fearing to do this, refused, knowing that same chair to have been placed for a man of greater reverence and ampler dignity.

[88] Without delay: he who of that same assembly the primacy seemed to hold, and through the vision grieving over the belt taken from him by the Emperor, to two of that same gathering, venerable Bishops, by precept commanded, that going forth outside him, whom they should first find standing and ready, they should lead in; and in that middle seat, since for his sitting it had been prepared, worthily place. They did as had been commanded: and behold whom they led, Lord Heribert Archbishop of Cologne it was, girt with sacred ornament, as on a solemn day to celebrate the solemnities of the Masses. Him in that middle seat they made to sit. Nevertheless one thing of his ornament, namely the belt, d seemed to be lacking. When therefore the so great Princes sitting saw him, and observed the belt to be lacking to him; as if by vehement admiration stirred, they inquired, who that man was, who had presumed to diminish the ornament of so great a Pontiff? To this, he himself being silent, spoke up one of the Chief men, and said: that he was the Emperor Henry. This vision the Bishop related to the Emperor in the morning: and the Emperor himself not incredulous of the vision, remembering the words of the last conversation, answered the Bishop: "If of the belt that holy and venerable man was deprived by me a robber; the Lord helping, that is, the honor due to him, he orders his passing to be celebrated. and me giving effort, this plunder shall be restored to him." Therefore extending the Imperial hand more bountifully, he distributed the gifts of Christ to Churches and the poor, and by the sacred solemnities of the Masses, by psalms and prayers ordered the passing of the blessed Prelate to be celebrated, from whom he himself had taken the belt; that is, whom living he had honored far less than was fitting.

[89] Among the countless things therefore which for the remedy of his soul he liberally bestowed, by the intervention of Lord Benedict the Pope his spiritual father, of Cunigunda the Empress, Another estate he bestows upon Meinwerk of Erchanbald Archbishop of Mainz; of the Bishops also Everhard of Bamberg, Engelbert of Freising; a certain estate, called Hammonstide, situated in the district of Rittega in the County of Udo the Count, there at Bamberg on the Saturday e of the Paschal week, namely the 9th of the Kalends of May, on the Feast of S. George the Martyr, to Bishop Meinwerk the Emperor bestowed, on account of his constant and untiring service: that he himself to the reproaches of no rival might be subject, but rather, serving more than all, rewards and more honors might receive, and by the examples of his profit the Emperor might provoke others to his faithful service. This estate a certain Count named Godiza possessing by proprietary right, with all appendages pertaining to that same place, with the consent of his wife Addila, and of his sister his most just heir, to the Emperor himself as property on this condition had handed over, that the aforesaid place for the use of a benefice, and besides a hundred mansi with families, as long as they should live, should be granted them. This done, the Emperor, admonished by divine instinct, and by the assiduity of service of the venerable Bishop Meinwerk, not long after, by the intervention of the aforesaid, for the remedy of his soul, with a chirograph that same estate into the property and lordship of the Church of Paderborn, as has been said, on this agreement gave, that if the aforesaid Lady Addila should survive him, and anyone should withdraw from her the aforesaid benefice or do any inconvenience, the Bishop should restore the benefice from the substance of the Church of Paderborn; and if he himself should refuse and decline it, that Lady with full power should recover her own. But Bishop Meinwerk this manuscript concerning Hammonstide, in the presence of Thiederic Bishop of Münster, of Liudolf, Udo, Hiddo, Acco the Counts, and of others many, caused to be read, and every occasion of inflicting disturbance in the future by Pastoral vigilance skillfully forearmed.

[90] After these things on the Kalends f of June the Bishop with the Emperor came to Confunga g, where by the intervention of Gero Archbishop of Magdeburg, and of Dodico the Count of Wartberge, a certain forest h of Royal property in the county of that same Count Dodico situated he obtained. likewise a great forest, This forest takes its beginning from i Rothalmingahusun, and by a straight track extends to the river Weser: and thus leads the ascent into the river which is called Fulda; thence indeed it keeps continuously the tenor of its ascent, along that same river Fulda, even to the stream which is called Crumelbecke, and also to the town which is called Holthusun it directs its way; at the same time it proceeds into Othilanbam and Riginherishuson, and to Rothiereshusun, soon it goes to Kikillahusun and to Beverbiki; and thus it extends into the way which is led to Wulfredeskisicun; and likewise into another way, which extends to Gunnesburin, and to the way of Monneshusun: and thus circling it goes around a certain way, which arrives even to the aforesaid town of Rothalmingahusun. In that same year too, k Erchanbald the venerable Archbishop of the Church of Mainz, in the ninth year of his bishopric having died, Aribo the royal Chaplain succeeded; who, by the inspiring grace of God, among other tokens of his devotion and love toward God, upon the mountain which is called Hasungun, in honor of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul, and in commemoration of B. Heimerad aforesaid, a monastery built l. Count Dodico also of Wartberge, in the same year on the 4th of the Kalends of September having died, and two Counties in the year 1020 the Bishop the Emperor after the Nativity of the Lord to Paderborn invited; and the County, which the same Count Dodico while he lived held, situated in the places Hessiga, Netga, Niterga, on the 14th of the Kalends of March from him he obtained.

[91] On the day too of the next Kalends of March, another certain County at Immedeshuson, and in the year 1021, by the intervention of Benedict the Pope, of Cunigunda the Empress Augusta, of Everhard of the Church of Bamberg the Bishop, of Piligrin of that same Church the Provost, and the royal Chancellor, he obtained: which, situated in the places Sorathveld, Sinuthvelt, Almunga, Treveresga, Burclaun, Liudolf the Count while he lived held: on this condition, that neither Meinwerk himself the Bishop, nor any of his successors, should have any power to give to any Soldier of his or to a stranger that same County as a benefice, but a ministerial of that same church who should be for the time being, should preside over the aforesaid County, and provide for its benefits, for the restoration of the construction of that same Church, that thence the walls may be raised up, the roofs repaired, and whatever shall be opportune for the corporeal form of that same house of the Lord, there from it be administered. A huge earthquake m on the 4th of the Ides of May in the parts of Bavaria in the same year happened. in which year also he settles a suit concerning other goods: But a certain one of the kinsmen of Dodico the Count, named Bern, the gift, which the same Count and his brother Count Sigebodo in hereditary goods n, to the Church of Paderborn, at the exhortation and request of the venerable Meinwerk Bishop of that same Church, had made, to invalidate by secular judgment attempted: and many councils being held, at last, on the feast of o S. Damasus the Pope, at Ermennes-werethe, in the presence of Heinric the Emperor, of Aribo Archbishop of Mainz, and of the Bishops Wizelin of Strasbourg, Adalbald of Utrecht; of Udo, Heriman the Counts, and of others many, all complaint being set aside, by full reconciliation pacified, he desisted; and eighty-three pounds from the Bishop received at Gandersheim 20 ounces of gold; 46 pounds of silver; one cloak for 4 pounds; and 30 mares; with the aforesaid Bishop Wizelin standing by, Rainward, who was the Advocate, Udo, Sigifrid, Ezziko, Liudolf, Becelin of Suevau the Counts; Cono the son of Duke Otto, and his soldier Zeizulf, and many others.

[92] In the year 1022 But on the head of the Fast of the next p year, with Udo, Benno, Sifrid the Counts, and many others besides, with Rainward the Soldier of Bern, two ounces of gold and two pounds of silver… all things promised being given, except two talents. In the same year q Thiederic Bishop of Münster died, and Sigifrid Abbot of Parthenopolis succeeding him, several Bishops die, for 10 years that same Church laudably governed. Thiederic also r Prelate of Minden the present life ended, after whom Alberic of that same Church the Provost was elected; but prevented by death, neither received consecration, nor to the Chair came, but Sigibert the Bishopric obtained. Of pious memory also Berenward of Hildesheim the Bishop on the 12th of the Kalends of December to Christ migrated; in whose place Lord Godehard s, formerly Abbot of Altaich, the holy Church usefully substituted for itself and for them. In the year thereafter succeeding, Gero Archbishop of Parthenopolis departed from this life t, likewise in the year 1023, to whom Hunfrid Provost of the Church of Würzburg succeeded. Thietmar of pious memory Bishop of Osnabrück to Christ migrated, and into his See entered Moncher. Arnold also of Halberstadt the Bishop dies, and Brantoch formerly Abbot of Fulda is substituted. Bernard likewise u Bishop of Aldenburg is taken up, after whom Reinhold is brought in. in which year also the Synod of Mainz is celebrated. In that same year Aribo Archbishop of Mainz, at Pentecost x the Emperor invited to Mainz, where also a general council he gathered together, in which by the counsel of the Bishops many things which had gone astray he corrected: chiefly however Otto the aforesaid Count of Hamerstein, and Irmingard unlawfully cohabiting, he disposed to separate; which however he could not accomplish; because he partly by Royal fear, partly by Episcopal admonition somehow corrected himself. But she, publicly the bans transgressing, there all right and law utterly lost y.

NOTES OF G. H. AND D. P.

* num. 9

p That is, 7 February, since Easter had to be celebrated on 25 March.

q On the 10th of the Kalends of February, according to the Chronicle of Hildesheim and the Manuscript Saxon one.

r On the 11th of the Kalends of March, as the same Chronicles have it.

s The Life of this S. Godehard we illustrated at the day of 4 May.

t The aforesaid Chronicles note the following deaths thus: of Gero, on the 11th of the Kalends of November; of Thietmar, on the 17th of the Kalends of September; of Arnold, or (as Thietmar writes) Arnulf, on the 7th of the Ides of September.

u Brower had wrongly made him of Havelberg. Thietmar in book 7 page 185 calls him Bishop of Aldenburg; the Manuscript Saxon one, in Adolf, of Mecklenburg.

x That feast of Pentecost was celebrated on 2 June, because Easter in the year 1023 fell on 14 April: but what is here narrated is taken from the aforecited Life of S. Godehard num. 24.

y Here in Brower and Surius is intruded a long digression, even longer in Adolf, concerning the Synod of Seligenstadt, celebrated by the same Aribo, as if it followed this Synod of Mainz, "next, on the 3rd of the Ides of August of that same year," namely 1023; which is a very inept connection: since the Synod of Mainz was celebrated at the beginning of June, as we have already shown: but this one, of which the matter is in the year 1022, in Indiction 5, on the 2nd (here it is read 3rd) of the Ides of August, in the 21st year of the reign of Lord Henry, but the 6th of his Empire, as the Preface in tome 9 of the Councils of Labbe has it. The whole digression therefore, elsewhere to be read more perfectly, here we omit, as in no way pertaining to Meinwerk; and this we do the more confidently, because it is not only lacking in our ancient

Manuscript, but also in that which Adolf used, in this place is not found; but only separately written after the Life, whence into the context here Brower transferred it; which I wonder that Adolf followed, he knowing and noting it.

CHAPTER XIII.

Various things between SS. Henry the Emperor and Meinwerk the Bishop more familiarly done.

[93] But Bishop Meinwerk, hastening to complete the monastery begun, the vaulted sanctuary being made, the Emperor on the Nativity of the Lord to Paderborn invited: The Emperor being invited to the dedication of the new monastery and hoping that he by Imperial magnificence would give some estates, in his presence proposed to dedicate this. But unexpectedly the sanctuary, presignifying the future fall of that same church, fell: and so, the Bishop at home and abroad with the affairs of the kingdom manifoldly occupied, this monastery even to the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1031, undedicated remained. But invited, the Emperor announced his coming to the Bishop, ordering the necessary things to be prepared for his bath. But the Bishop, through all his Lordly estates, causing pregnant ewes to be killed, from the fleeces of the lambs found within their womb, pelts he ordered to be made, with which a new cloak being covered, and with marten gorgets a in the circuit adorned, the Emperor after the bath of the Vigil he clothed. But the Magnates of the Kingdom, the Bishop offers lambskins for martens, of whom many were present, approaching, the cloak considered; and the matter as they had suspected, perceiving, made known to the Emperor. Who, the Bishop being summoned, why he had given him sheepskins, inquired; and declared him ignorant of honor and love, and forgetful of the dignity of the Roman Empire. But the Bishop, asserting that the best kind of garment, fitting to each order, condition, and dignity, he had given, summoned the merchants; and them by his grace concerning this matter calling to witness, by their testimony, what he had said proved true. And approaching the Emperor; "I," he said, "Henry, for thy mortal body to be clothed, the poor Bishopric of B. Mary ever Virgin conferred upon me by thee, have devastated: its Canons, bailiffs, and beggars, to be cherished from the fleeces of the slain sheep, from the plenty of their milk and the nourishment of various food, to be fed, I have defrauded and despoiled; of which evil before God thou shalt be guilty, if not quickly and fully to the Church thou restore what was taken away." But the Emperor smiling; "I," he said, "if anyone I have defrauded, or for my sake know one defrauded, will repay fourfold"; and so for this restitution of this loss, he conferred upon him an estate at Steini.

[94] and his precious cup But Vespers being sung in the sacred Vigils, the Emperor sent his cup of wonderful work with strong drink to the Bishop, commending and charging the messenger, that he should not return to see his face without the cup. But the Bishop, with condign thanksgiving the gift receiving, after a long and varied altercation and delay of words with the bearer, the cup he did not return; and that one at length going out, the doors being firmly barred after him, and his goldsmiths being summoned, Brunhard and his son Erpho, on that very night of the Nativity of the Lord, a chalice from the cup he ordered to be made. But the solemnities of Matins at the new monastery, the Emperor being present, being celebrated; during the Gospel of the following morning Mass, the Bishop the completed chalice consecrated: and that in the present the divine mysteries in it might be celebrated, he turns it into a chalice: to the ministers to be delivered he ordered. But the Chaplain of the Emperor, at that Mass having performed the office of Subdeacon, the epigrams of the chalice read, and read to the Emperor to read offered: which by the Emperor too being read, to the Bishop he came; and arguing him guilty of theft, that God held that plunder in hatred in the holocaust, said: "I," said the Bishop, "not plunder, but the avarice of thy vanity, have devoted to the worship of the divinity. Thou, to the increase of thy perdition, take away from God, if thou darest, the offering of my devotion." "I," said the Emperor, "the things devoted to God will not take away, but the things which are mine to Him suppliantly will I offer: do thou from thy just labors honor the Lord, who deigned in this night for the salvation of all to be born." Soon therefore, the Offertory being begun, the Emperor the chalice at the altar solemnly offered; and for his soul and body the Bishop praying prosperous things, not small thanksgivings rendered. At the Offertory, moreover, of the Mass of light, the Bishop from the Emperor earnestly the royal Estate of b Ervete demanding, his offering to receive refused; but the Empress's receiving, that she might be to him with the Emperor a help for obtaining Ervete he besought. But God almighty, in whose hand are the hearts of Kings, by the merits of the Bishop, whose devotion pleased him, turned to good the heart of the Emperor; who knowing that in the day he would have injury from the Bishop, having summoned at first dawn the Notaries, secretly caused to be made concerning Ervete a privilege.

[95] and he compels him the estate of Ervete At the Offertory therefore of the principal Mass the Emperor, surrounded by a frequent throng of Princes, about to offer to God what was due to the divine benefits, who himself for the human debt offered himself to God the Father on the altar of the cross, to the Bishop came; but he, with averted face and hand, with repeated voices earnestly demanded Ervete. But the Emperor, with fitting reverence and discipline dissembling his repulse, followed the Bishop going before; and that he might deign to receive his offering, humbly prayed. But long, one going before, the other following, the most Christian Empress, by the intervention of the Magnates of the Kingdom, who at this spectacle congratulating stood by, approached; and that to the petition, of one seeking nothing but the things which were God's, he would give satisfaction, the Emperor suppliantly besought. Who, having long and much resisted, at length by the perseverance of the Bishop, by the urging of the Empress and the Chief men compelled, brought forth the privilege; and approaching the altar, to B. the Mother of God and perpetual Virgin Mary, and to the holy Kilian and Liborius, to yield it to the Church. and to the present Bishop Meinwerk and his successors, the estate of Ervete situated in the district of Westphalia, lawfully offered. But the Bishop filled with ineffable joy; "The King of all Saints," he cries out, "repay thee." And the Emperor with averted face, secretly murmuring under his breath; "Mayest thou," he said, "have the hatred of God and of all his Saints, c who ceasest not to despoil me of granted goods with detriment to the kingdom." But the Bishop, the privilege with his hand raising on high, "Blessed art thou," he said, "Henry, and it shall be well with thee; to whom for this offering heaven shall be open, whose soul with the Saints shall possess everlasting joys. See," he said, "all peoples, consider, all the faithful, such an offering becomes the abolition of sins; this sacrifice acceptable to God, for souls becomes propitiable. Let every faithful one according to the power of his means strive to imitate this, that for temporal things they may be able to obtain eternal, for transitory things abiding ones." But all with great voices praised together the mighty works of God, rejoicing over all things which they had heard and seen, the gifts conferred upon that same Church.

[96] But on the fourth of the Nones d of January the crypt in his new monastery, in honor of S. Stephen the Protomartyr he consecrated, and a certain stone of an altar, of conspicuous magnitude, by B. Leo the Pope consecrated, from the Church e of Thietmelle brought, in it he placed, and the adorable relics of that same Protomartyr with others of many Saints in it he laid up. and to dismiss to it the paraments of the altar, brought on loan: But in various manners and times, providing for the Church committed to him the Bishop, opportunely and importunely urged the Emperor, and now things freely offered with thanksgiving to receive, now things refused, piously violent, to snatch beforehand he did not cease. At length on a certain time the Emperor, in the principal Church a Mass about to hear, with royal apparatus the altar caused to be adorned, admonishing his men, that the Bishop's wonted invasion more cautiously be guarded against. But the Bishop, that same Mass celebrating, after the Agnus Dei ascended the pulpit; and the difference between the power of the Empire and the dignity of the Priesthood asserting, that things of divine right are not of human honor, and what is consecrated to divine worship pertains to the right of Priests, by Canonical authority showed. Whence the Ecclesiastical ornaments and Priestly garments, upon which and through which at that hour and church the divine Sacraments had been celebrated, to the property and benefit of that same church, by Pontifical authority and ban he confirmed; and all those presuming to resist his Canonical authority, with their abettors, from the thresholds of holy Church, by Apostolic authority anathematized he sequestered.

[97] But the Bishop a certain excellent covering of the Emperor, a cloak of special beauty and wonderful work, very often desiring to obtain, lacked the effect; until on a certain day, the Emperor intent on many things, it by chance he snatched. But the Emperor accusing the Bishop of the vice of plunder, declared that the due retaliation he would render in his own time: but he, declaring that this cloak more fittingly hangs in the temple of the Lord the cloak too he takes away for sacred uses, than covers his mortal members, asserted that he held his threats of little account. But knowing the Emperor, that the Bishop, with secular affairs manifoldly occupied, both in the speaking of Latin, and in reading, the faults of barbarism not once incurred, from the Missal in a certain Collect for the dead, the "Fa," of "Famulis et famulabus" (servants and handmaids), with his Chaplain he erased, and asked the Bishop for the rest of the souls of his father and Mother to celebrate Mass. The Bishop therefore unexpectedly to celebrate Mass hastening, as he found written, "Mulis et mulabus" (mules he-mules and she-mules) said: but recognizing the error, with repeated words, nor however does he suffer himself to be mocked by him. what he had said ill, he corrected. After Mass the Emperor insulting the Pontiff; "I," he said, "for my father and mother, not for my he-mules and she-mules, a Mass to be celebrated asked." But he, "By the mother," he said, "of the Lord, thou after thy wonted manner again hast mocked me; and not in any way whatever, but in the service of our God; of which I will be the avenger; lo my pointer promises it: for the deed done to me shall not pass unavenged." At once the Canons being summoned into the Chapter of the principal Church, the Chaplain of the Emperor, privy to this matter, he ordered most harshly to be chastised with blows; and chastised, clothed in new garments, to the Emperor, to announce what had been done, he sent back.

[98] But the Emperor, wondering at the manifold devotion of the Bishop toward the worship of God; Warned of death, as imminent, in jest, proposed to test, whether sincerely it was from God, his intention: and the Notaries being summoned he caused to be written in golden letters on little sheets, "Meinwerk the Bishop, dispose for thy house, for thou shalt die on the fifth day." But the Bishop in the winter house sitting at table, from the upper summer house through the posts a little sheet, by one privy to this matter secretly let down, before the Bishop fell: and he, having received and read it through, by the habit of bodily fragility at first being astonished shuddered. Then about to go to nature's necessaries, he piously prepares himself for it: others scattered through the places he found; and believing them indicators of his most certain calling, to God he gave thanks; and his Vicedominus being summoned, all things which in money or in plenty of various foods he had, to churches and the poor he ordered to be paid out. But scarcely certain mean garments being kept for his burial, freed from all cares, the hour of his calling rejoicing he awaited; and persisting in the offerings of prayers and praises, with vigils and fasts the days with the nights he joined. And so the fifth day being passed, when in the crypt prostrate on the ground, even to the middle of the night awaiting his departure, nothing of bodily trouble he had felt, at length returning to himself to be hungry he began: and suspecting the Emperor's, as in truth it was, machinations; to his chamber he returned, and with food from the market borrowed his body, by fasts and vigils worn down, with food and sleep refreshed. Morning being come, then he excommunicates the authors of the jest, the Emperor with the Princes as if at the raising again of Lazarus congratulating, and that longer spaces of living, for an example and advancement of others, by God to him granted affirming; the Bishop, before the solemnities of the Masses he began, having spoken a few things suitable to the matter and time to the people, the Episcopal mockery and the dispersal of the goods of the Church to all made known; and the authors and abettors of that matter by Apostolic authority anathematized from the bosom of holy Church, and from the fellowship of all the faithful, even to condign satisfaction he separated. The Emperor straightway with the Empress and the rest privy to that deed going out of the monastery, and the excess of human levity humbly acknowledging; unshod and clothed in hair-cloth the coming of the Bishop, before the doors of the monastery publicly doing penance, awaited: and after the solemnities of the Masses the Bishop being about to go out, in a contrite mind and spirit of humility prostrate, even to satisfaction: the absolution of the anathema, by the intervention of those who were present, with his men with difficulty obtained. The Imperial therefore more bountifully extending the Emperor his hand to the work of mercy, the things dispersed manifoldly restored; and thenceforth heartily to the Bishop united, to all things which both in his own and in the necessities of his fellow-servants and fellow-Bishops he had asked, most kindly assented. Let it be admired therefore and venerated by the faithful, as it deserves, the Episcopal authority and Imperial; and let there be commended in them the sincerity of life to be commended and the so great sublimity of merits.

[99] The most devout Emperor therefore, around the aforementioned place Paderborn many gifts with most pious bounty being bestowed, he obtains two estates from S. Henry, as if by a spirit in some manner foreknowing that he would not come there any more, toward God and that same place and the Bishop beloved by him the tokens of his love not small left behind. For by the intervention of the venerable Cunigunda the Empress, assiduously admonishing and incessantly to him recalling to memory, that Bishop Meinwerk more than the rest of his faithful with constant devotion in the royal servitude had toiled; he conferred upon him a certain estate, called Hoensile, in the district of Westphalia situated, in the county of Bernhard the Count, which the Bishop to his new church soon bestowed, with all the appendages of that same estate. On the same day too another estate called Steini, situated in the district of Westphalia in the County of Bernhard the Count, to him the Emperor gave; which for himself and his successors to the lordship of the greater church the Bishop retained. On that same day, and an Edict of immunity. namely the 19th of the Kalends of February, the church newly built by the Bishop the Emperor from all secular violent exaction or invasion established and fortified, by the authority of the Imperial edict decreeing, that no person should presume any Abbot of that same church with his Brothers, concerning goods granted or to be granted, to disquiet, molest, or divest, or with any judiciary power should intrude himself; except the Advocate by the Abbot and Brothers as defender elected: adding this in the precept, that if anyone this should infringe he should pay 100 pounds of gold, 50 to the royal Chamber, 50 to that same Church g. To the Monastery also named Confunga, in honor of the holy Savior, the Emperor being intent on such pious works, and of his holy Mother, as also of the most victorious Cross, and of B. Peter the Prince of the Apostles built, a certain estate of royal right called Hardinchusun, for the remedy of his soul and of his beloved Wife Cunigunda the Empress Augusta, as also for the souls of his faithful, whose bodies there rest, of Erpho the Count and of Cono, on the same day there at Paderborn conferred; namely on this condition, that the venerable Abbess of that same church, h named Outa, and those after this succeeding her, by proprietary right should possess it. By such and similar zeal of royal devotion, the holy Church profited by the increase of sacred religion; and the head vigorous in its state, there flourished in their advancement the members of the Church.

[100] everywhere the German Churches had holy Prelates, The Bishops too of that time, with wisdom and knowledge endowed, to the advancements of their subjects continually were devoted, the secondary parts of the Empire holily and justly aiding, the rigor of the Priesthood by no means relaxing. Among whom by the merit of life were eminent of the Metropolis of Trier, from which first the sound of Evangelical preaching thundered to the Teutonic parts, Meingoz and Poppo; of Cologne too, Heribert and Piligrin; of the Church of Mainz, Willigis and Erchanbald, Aribo and Bardo; Burchard of Worms, by his zeal in the collection of Canons in the Church laudable; of Utrecht Ansfrid and Athalbald; the ornament of Münster, Thiederic and Sigifrid; of Osnabrück, Thietmar; of Hildesheim, Berenward and Godehard; of Minden, Sibert and Bruno; Werinhari, of the city of Strasbourg; Meinhard and Bruno, of Würzburg; of Parthenopolis, Gero and i Hunfrid; of Bremen, Unwan; and very many others, venerable in Pontifical dignity, incomparable in sanctity: by whose merits so much in that time flourished the Church, that there is not today any which to us of that time does not portend the marks of their merits. These as Cherubim, the wings of their virtues one toward the other beat together; and in the praise of God moving the circle of the earth, by the qualities of their merits as if distinct in countenances, and in corporeal and in spiritual matters eyed before and behind, both in prosperity and in adversity, the people committed to them strenuously governed. Such were the contemporaries of Bishop Meinwerk: through these the Lord, the prince of the world being triumphed over, propagated the Church, redeemed by his sacred blood: these will venerate Meinwerk, for the innocence of his life, with great reverence, all either familiars or dear to Meinwerk: to whom both in the Church and in the Court great dignity the opulence of temporal things procured. Moreover Meinwerk the more worthy and more advanced among them with filial reverence venerated as fathers, his contemporaries and juniors embraced as brothers; the admonition and instruction of the elders humbly receiving, and the same to his equals and juniors salutarily imparting. Wonderful was his charity to all, inestimable the sweetness of his manners and words, so that the love of God, in him inwardly fervently burning, you might in some manner understand through the grace outwardly glittering. There were too then Monks everywhere religious; in vigils, prayers and divine meditations studious; despising things present, with thought and all eagerness desiring heavenly things.

[101] But after that, by such an Emperor, of so great virtues a not sluggish executor, who, the Emperor having died in the year 1024, the world was not worthy; and he himself, for the most gloriously consummated labors of this life, with the heavenly prize was to be presented, lying ill at Gruona k, with the inestimable grief of all Christendom, in the 52nd year of his life, of his Reign the 22nd, of his Empire the 10th, of the Lord's Incarnation 1024, died; and translated to Bamberg, in the Church of the BB. Apostles Peter and Paul honorably was buried, and his tomb marked with such an Epitaph:

Henry Augustus, just by the seed of virtues, Whose entrails this crumbling earth keeps; He was the splendor of laws, the mirror, light, and gem of Kings; To the heavens he departed, not dying he passed away. On the threefold Ides, him vexing with the weights of the flesh, July had taken to the ethereal empire. The pious Abbess (which may holy Mary repay,) Hildigard had ordered this to be made for him.

But the Bishop, his death being heard, through the whole city of Paderborn, his death heard, he proclaims alms and prayers for him. and the whole Bishopric, his passing to be kept solemnly ordered; and for the remedy of his soul alms not small, both in food and in clothing, to the poor distributed. But although he rejoiced over his patron sent before, he grieved over the solace lost; and transfixed by the sword of excessive grief, he could not command himself, but that he should grieve in heart and mind. And the Emperor indeed, the rewards of his labors received, among the citizens of the heavenly Jerusalem, with the joy of eternal brightness ineffably danced for joy: but the Bishop, that the things gathered from the incursion of wolves he might preserve, and for acquiring others might give effort, among the citizens of Babylon for some time to dwell he had.

NOTES OF G. H. AND D. P.

CHAPTER XIV.

The benefits made to the Bishop by Conrad the Emperor, and other things done before him.

[102] After the death therefore of the Emperor, the Saxons alone in a certain castle, which is called a Werla, assembled; and both concerning the election of a King, and the necessary disposition of other matters, In the time of the Interregnum began to treat. There Lord Bishop Meinwerk, and Thietmar brother of Bernhard Duke of Saxony, whatever of injuries or controversies concerning the Abbey of Helmwardeshusun or other matters mutually they had, utterly dismissed: and by the intervention of Sigifrid his maternal uncle, Heriman of Westphalia, Benno, Amulung the Counts, and others present, fully reconciled; and the witnesses of this reconciliation were committed to letters. The benefice also, of Lady Addila of Hammonstide granted, the Emperor being dead soon to that place returned, from which before it had been received. But the Bishop, as a wise man always wisely did, and from the substance of the Church, the benefice of Lady Addila, according to her will, Meinwerk provides for Addila his benefactress: as the Emperor had established, restored; granting her for the term of her life Liuduliungaroth, Haverlaun, and Dalheim, with 80 families. This besides establishing, that not only the reward of corporeal benefit and necessity, but when the last day of her life should come, a most salutary commemoration of her soul she should experience: so that by the Brothers on the 30th day of her death, and on all the anniversaries, Masses and Psalmody be celebrated; and alms, as on the anniversaries of the Bishops of that same Church, to the poor be distributed; and the Brothers, there serving God, two and two four breads, two of wheat, two b of rye, or of oats, 10 meats, one amphora of beer, one c full measure d of mead receive. But the Scholars, two and two, two breads and four meats, and one full measure of beer among themselves divide. These things in the presence of Sifrid, Udo, Benno, the Counts; Wiric, Liudwig, Wicilin, Huvike the bailiffs, and many others were done, and for a perpetual memorial by a series of letters confirmed. O a suitable Bishop, so much solicitous about the advancement of the Church committed to him! who both for bodies usefully to provide, and for souls salutarily knew to counsel.

[103] Before the elected Emperor Conrad, But the Princes for the election of a King disagreeing, eight weeks the throne of the Kingdom was vacant: and so Conrad e, one of the Chief men of the kingdom, but before adverse to the kingdom through rebellion, with Aribo Archbishop of Mainz favoring him, Everhard of Bamberg, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1024, from the City founded f 1875, in the eighty-fifth place g from Augustus, on the 6th of the Ides of September, obtained it, and at Mainz received the dominion of Royal consecration. On the next Ides of September, an assembly again being made of the Princes, with Bishop Meinwerk present, in the place which is called Hirtveldun h, by the merits of the most holy Ida marked, Hildigunda Abbess of Gesike, with Bernhard her nephew and Advocate, the estates of Vilisi, Vesperdun, obtains his cause, Hoddingahusun, which once by Sigebodo and by his wife Embila for a certain amends to the Church of Paderborn had been handed over, to invalidate wished. But in the presence of Bernhard Duke of Saxony, Heriman the Count, and his sons Heinric, Conrad, Athelbert, Bernhard; the Counts also Ekkika of Aslan, Erph, Amulung, Thiederic of Frisia, Widikind, Ekkika, Tiamma and his brother Esic, and many others, by just judgment convicted, from all execution utterly desisted.

[104] Conrad therefore as King in the kingdom being confirmed and corroborated, the kingdom changed, and insinuating himself into his favor, the friends and counselors also (as is wont) changed, by the suggestion of Aribo Archbishop of Mainz, the County once of Dodico the Count, which his predecessor by Imperial munificence to the Church of Paderborn had given, from it he took; and into the right of the Church of Mainz, still raw in the kingdom, by unjust counsel persuaded, irrationally transferred and transmuted. But the venerable Bishop Meinwerk, the most devout servant and lover of Emperors, busying himself sedulously in the services of Martha, did not cease, did not rest in his own time by supplicating, by serving, until that same King, made Emperor i, by the instinct of almighty God, in whose hand are the hearts of Kings, and by the intervention of his faithful, the things taken away restored, and very many other things by royal magnificence bestowed upon him. Knowing therefore the Bishop, that it is equitable to serve Kings and Lords,

That it may profit the servants of Christ to true honor, To have loved the good and tolerated the evil, to the King he betook himself: and every complaint wisely deferred meanwhile, by service friendship, by benevolence the favor of the new Prince to attain he proposed. But the King a man of so great dignity and nobility with due veneration receiving, with the fitting display of love and honor held him: and having set out to Rome in the second year of his election, in affairs both private and public, a faithful and useful companion of the way he had. In the same year 1026, on the feast of S. Matthew the Apostle, Aribo Archbishop of Mainz at Seligenstadt a general council of 12 Bishops convoked; in which Godehard of blessed memory, of the Church of Hildesheim the Bishop, concerning the parish of Gandersheim k publicly summoned: which however synod the unanimity of the Brothers to the following year into the presence of the King adjourned.

[105] But the King remaining in Lombardy, Wolffgang l Patriarch of Aquileia to meet him came: and having prayed for the new King prosperous things, from him, having returned from Italy with the Crown received, Bishop Meinwerk his kinsman saluted. But the Bishop for the construction of monasteries the relics of Saints demanding, the Patriarch gladly assented; and the body of S. Felix m, who under Diocletian the Emperor, Heronius the President, with Hilary the Bishop and Tatian the Deacon, after the rack and other torments, with Largus and Dionysius, consummated his martyrdom, afterward sent. But the King the Nativity of the Lord's feast at Ivrea began n. Thence to the thresholds of the Apostles tending, on the 3rd feria before the Lord's supper Rome with happy prosperity rejoicing entered, and on the holy day of the Resurrection of the Lord with Gisla the Queen the crown of Imperial honor, from the blessed John the Vicar of the Apostles, gloriously received. But the Emperor, by the Apostolic one concerning the Churches of God to be improved and propagated being admonished, salutarily obeyed: and weighing that he could much help this, to the majesty of divine honor and glory, to exalt the Churches established within the contiguous bounds of his Empire, and from his goods to enrich them: and likewise knowing that it pertained to the dignity of Imperial power, to those serving him well at home or in warfare to display the condign remuneration of their service; by the intervention of Gisla the Empress his consort, and of his son Heinric, of Bruno Bishop of Augsburg, of Heriman the Marquis, and his brother Ekkihard, a certain estate pertaining to Imperial right called Ervete o, in the district of Engere, in the County of Marcward the Count situated, with all appendages, he obtains Ervete in the Angarii, and with all the appurtenances of the profits that could thence come, with the ban and the market also, which at that same estate is wont to be held, to Lord Meinwerk, who often and very frequently and faithfully had served him, there at Rome, on the holy Saturday p of the Paschal week, namely the 7th of the Ides of April, gave. On the next Sunday having returned, and that region on every side with full power having been overrun, in peace he went home, and the nativity of S. John the Baptist the new Emperor at Imbripolis q celebrated. Where, Heinric Duke of Bavaria, brother of the Empress Cunigunda, having died in good old age, to his son Heinric the same Duchy, by the choice of the Princes, he commended.

[106] The Emperor therefore having returned, in that same year there was held a general synod at Frankfurt of Bishops 22, in which the Emperor presiding, the blessed Godehard Bishop of Hildesheim his diocese over the parish of Gandersheim, by canonical and synodal censure, by the judgment of 7 Bishops, against Aribo of Mainz retained. In the same synod Lady Sophia her Nuns, the synodal decree compelling, received back from the Archbishop: and Gebehard a youth, brother of the Emperor, there laying down his arms, unwillingly received the Clerical tonsure. In the next year r Heinric the son of the Emperor, by the unction of Piligrin Archbishop of Cologne, at Aachen was made King. In that same year Aribo Archbishop of Mainz at Gezlethi a general synod with his Suffragan Bishops held, and in the year 1028 in which among other Ecclesiastical affairs, a certain free-born man, of the homicide of Sigifrid the Count accused, by glowing iron purged himself by the decree of the Synod, and after two nights unharmed appeared. In the same year too s Misaco, Prince of the Slavs, the Eastern parts of Saxony with an army violently invaded; and burnings and depredations being accomplished, of men and women and little ones an innumerable multitude, with a wretched and unheard-of slaughter, butchered.

[107] But the Bishop sedulously at home and abroad to the Emperor obsequious, the Emperor to all things which he had asked favored him; and among other things, which reasonably asked he liberally assented, on the 13th of the Kalends of September at Walahuson t such goods, as by him or by any of his predecessors Kings, Emperors, or other men to the Church of Paderborn had been conferred, having obtained the Confirmation of all the rights of the church of Paderborn, in Abbeys, in Counties, in forests, in tolls, in mints, in markets, in bans, in immunities, in all jurisdiction, in estates greater and lesser, in serfs of both sexes, or in all appurtenances justly and lawfully looking to this, by the intervention of his wife Gisla the Empress, and of his most beloved offspring Heinric the King, by imperial precept established and confirmed, that no one with rash daring anything of the goods of the Church to take away, or without the permission of the aforesaid Bishop Meinwerk and his successors to intrude himself should presume: but the provisor of that same Church by such right and law, as the Archbishops and other Bishops the goods pertaining to their Bishopric possess, all contradiction of men being removed, the goods granted or to be granted with full power should possess. On the eighteenth of the Kalends of October of the following year, which was after the death of Heinric the Emperor the sixth, an assembly being made at Hirutveldun of Princes, Bishop Meinwerk was present; and there coming Brun the Count with his wife Ida, he settles a suit with Count Bruno, to invalidate wished the gift, which in the estates of Sudesburch, Betanun, Wallenstedi, he had made. But the Bishop as a wise man, so great estates being unwilling to lose, to Lady Ida until the end of her life 80 plows in reconciliation gave; and with standing by and lawful testimony bearing to this matter Bernard the Duke, Hermann the Count, and his sons Henric, Conrad, Athalbert, Bernard; the Counts also Eckika of Aslan, Bernard, Erpho, Theodoric of Frisia, Widukind, Eckika, Amulung, and his brother Ecbert, by lawful right these things confirmed he obtained: this faithfully decreeing, that if anyone the plows of Lady Ida granted should take away, she all her estates without contradiction should recover.

[108] A certain noble too, named Hathamar, a certain estate in the place called Liemoneshus, by hereditary right possessed; which to a certain Haold his senior, by his promises enticed, without the will of his lawful heir handed over; he acquires one estate afterward Hathamar at the Lord's command died, and the estate, from him and his mother unjustly taken away, the aforesaid Hathald to his concubine, namely the daughter of Bernard the Count, as if for a dowry's cause gave. Hathald also after a long time having died, Berthilt the mother of Hathamar, into the presence of Conrad the Emperor wailing came, and her estate unjustly taken from her much complaining, by Royal clemency to her to be restored suppliantly asked. But the Emperor, moved by mercy, to her suffering violence kindly condoled; and by the intervention of Gisla the Empress, and by the counsel of Udo, Hermann, Eckihard the Counts, and of many others, to the same Berthilt the estate unjustly taken away with full power restored. Berthilt indeed, mindful of eternal salvation, that same estate, through her Advocate Reinher, with the consent and will of her wife Modunna her most just heir, to the Church of Paderborn as property handed over: and to her Bishop Meinwerk a certain tithing in the village of Thesli for the term of her life granted. To this matter Hermann, Udo, Eckihard the Counts, and many others lawful testimony gave: and besides all the greater men and nobles, who at that time in u Lacni lived. A poor man too, named Daja, coming to the Emperor, himself with his mother of the estates of Uflan and Ricwardessun, and another. which the Bishop from Alveric of Ragun with heavy money had procured, declared the lawful heir. But the Bishop, for the love of Christ, to the same Daja one horse, 5 shillings, and one woolen cloth, for reconciliation gave: and with present Hunfrid Archbishop of Magdeburg, Cadolog the Bishop, Lutger, Burchard, Alveric the Counts, 5 plows for 10 shillings of denarii, as a benefice until the end of his life granted him.

NOTES OF G. H. AND D. P.

p A manifest error: for since Easter, as has already been insinuated, fell on 26 March: if these things were done on a Saturday, it ought verisimilarly to be read, not "on the holy Saturday" but "on the Saturday of the second Paschal week, namely the 6th (not the 7th) of the Ides of April." But Adolf at page 388 notes, that in the very records which he cites it is read only: "Given at Rome on the 7th of the Ides of April, Indiction 10, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1027." The inept gloss therefore must be deleted.

q Brower, I know not whence, took Werle, the rest of the Manuscripts together with the Saxon Manuscript (whence these things seem to be taken) agree in naming Imbripolis, commonly Regensburg, as if from rain, "Regen" in Teutonic; whereas the true etymology is to be sought from the Regen river, on which it lies: by others it is called Ratisbon, as if the village of the council, there certainly even now the judicial Assembly of the Princes of the Empire is stably celebrated.

r These things in the said Manuscript Chronicle are referred to the year 1028.

s In the same Manuscript these things at the year 1030 are thus fully described: "The Emperor celebrated the Nativity of the Lord at Paderborn: and the festival days being passed he disposed to go beyond the Rhine. On the seventh of the Kalends of February there arose a matter pitiable, and astounding to all the faithful of Christ. Meseco Duke of the Poles, who against the Roman Empire usurped to himself the royal name, learning of the death of Thietmar the Marquis, having taken the satellites of the devil, led an army of Pagans into the holy Church. For between the Elbe and the Saale he laid waste a hundred villages with burnings and slaughters, nine thousand and sixty-five Christian men and women miserably took captive. The most reverend Bishop of Brandenburg Liuzo also, like a base slave, he took: nor did he spare the sacred altars, but polluted all with slaughter and blood: noble matrons too with armed hand he claimed for himself."

t Walahusen, a town of Thuringia, on the river Helme in the district of Sangerhausen, for which Buchelius in his Notes to Heda recites a diploma of Otto I; "given in the King's palace which is called Walahuson": but he errs who thinks it the same as Wildeshausen, a town of the diocese of Münster.

u Adolf notes that in the Diplomas of Lewis the Pious it is called the District of Lochni in the Angrarii.

CHAPTER XV.

Other goods acquired by the Bishop, the monastery of Abdinghof at Paderborn completed and endowed.

[109] But in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1029 Conrad the Emperor, by a difficult and perilous journey, overran the region of the Hungarians; and the Bishop devoutly to him everywhere obsequious, the Emperor bestows upon the Bishop by the intervention of Gisla the Empress and of her son Henric the King, on the Kalends of June at Merseburg, the estate once of Bernard the Count called a Patberch, with 10 mansi around that same mountain adjacent, in the district of Niterga, in the county of Hahold the Count situated, by testamentary authority to him conferred; which therefore by hereditary right into the Imperial power had passed, because the same Count Bernard was spurious (which they commonly call "Wanburtich" b). But the Bishop for the things conferred gave thanks not small, and seeing that he was not consuming his labor in vain, more and more for obtaining others to toil began. Wonderful is, moreover, Patberg. in a man of so great dignity and nobility, the perseverance of continual service and labor for the advancement of the Church committed to him; and to be noted and praised in him especially the burning of the love of God, worthy indeed of the Episcopal dignity, which on account of God subjecting itself to a greater, knew to venerate the Lord in the more eminent power, which is from him: worthy too of the Imperial majesty, who knew not the business of labor and love displayed to him to be ungrateful. Everywhere therefore a faithful and inseparable companion to the Emperor the Bishop being, in the next year with him came to Alstede; and the estates which Bernard and his wife Hazeka had, in the places Alfflaan and Eltenum in the district of Paterga, and other estates in the county of Amulung the Count, on the 13th of the Kalends of February from him obtained. After this he turned aside to Goslar on the 11th of the Kalends of March, where the estates Bennanhusun, Walaborch, Dadanborch, situated in the districts Wetiga, and Tilithi, in the County of Widikind the Count, to him the Emperor conferred. There on the same day, by the intervention of Gisla the Empress, and of her son Heinric the King, on account of the constant service of the Bishop most often and faithfully bestowed upon him, the estate Heinhuson, Winidun, Windilinvoderod, Aldenthorpf, Rutbercessun, Sminderessun, Illisa, Hameressun, c situated in the district of Auga in the county of Conrad the Count, with appurtenances; Haico and Ricard also with all their possessions, the Emperor to the Church of Paderborn handed over.

[110] These things done, a certain man named Wittilo, approached the serenity of the Emperor Conrad, humbly beseeching, that the estate d called Sannanabiki, situated in these villages Hornan, Frotinctorp, Winesbiki, Rasseti, Knechtahusun, Buckinhusun, Bennanhuson, and likewise Sannebeka. Scuni, Berchem, Homan, Holthuson, his, and his wife Oda's, and their daughter Cæcilia's, as also of Gerburch, and her son Odo's petition and approval, into his Imperial hand he would take care to take; and the estate Zuerezi, which was of Royal property, he would on the contrary subjugate to their power. To whose desire the Emperor giving satisfaction by the counsel of his Chief men, that which was theirs into his hands received, and into their right this which was of his right amicably remitted. All these things thus transacted, the aforesaid estate Sannanabiki, which then was judged to be of Royal property, in the County of Widikind the Count in the district Wettiga, by the intervention of Gisla the Empress, of Heinric the King his beloved offspring, as also of Heriman the Marquis, to Meinwerk the Bishop and his successors for the benefit of the Church of Paderborn on the 3rd of the Nones of August as property the Emperor handed over: saying that he remembered, not in this only, but in other estates, to him still, God willing, to be handed over by him, that his assiduous service more devoutly, and than the other Pontiffs more frequently, not as it were at one, but in almost every time of the year, he had had. A service of great devotion and fidelity, having so evident a testimony of the Imperial majesty! But in the autumn season, the Emperor the Slavs with a small band of Saxons invaded, and Misaco long resisting him e, the Liutizi with some cities and the booty, which in former years in the parts of Saxony had been made, to restore, and peace by oath to confirm compelled.

[111] But the monastery, which in the western part of the suburb of Paderborn f the Bishop had begun, fully and decently, with all the cloistral offices being completed, the monastery of Abdinghof now finished, from the Emperor the license of dedicating and completing this he asked and received: and having returned he ordered the things pertaining to the dedication with the utmost abundance to be prepared. But the body sent by Wolffgang Patriarch of Aquileia, the body g of Saint Felix, with two palls, on the 5th of the Nones of October, the Bishop in that same Monastery with the greatest frequency of the Clergy and of the people of the whole city, received it. And wishing to test, by the aid of his salvation, whether for himself and his people he could succor; a pyre very great in the midst of the cloister under the open sky he ordered to be made: into which when a third time the body he had cast, and as often the fire reduced to ashes had been extinguished; with the greatest exultation of all and jubilation of praises, the body with his own hands taking up, upon the principal altar he carried, and fortified by the body of S. Felix, and to the veneration of all that Saint henceforth to be held a solemn one he instituted. Of the offering therefore, which for the hope of his salvation and safety, for the remedy of his soul, and of all his kindred, to God to offer he disposed, witnesses and suitable cooperators he employed; and having summoned Hunfrid Archbishop of Parthenopolis, and the Bishops of good memory Godehard of Hildesheim, Sibert of Minden, Sigifrid of Münster, and four others, he asked them to be present at his festive nuptials. But the Archbishop of Mainz Aribo, in the same year having set out to Rome for the sake of prayer, on the return, on the 8th of the Ides of April had died; and Bardo Abbot of Werden h, who by the contrivance of the Empress had entered, and who a few months before had succeeded Arnold, from the rule of Hersfeld deposed, with various affairs occupied, according to the desire of the Bishop to be present was not able.

[112] and solemnly dedicated, On the solemnity therefore of all Saints on the Kalends of November in the city of Paderborn with the aforesaid Bishops, and an innumerable multitude of mixed age and dignity, being festively celebrated; on the following day the Bishops being present and by their authority favoring, his monastery, in honor of B. Mary the perpetual Virgin, and of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul, and of all Saints, most devoutly he consecrated; and for its endowment these estates solemnly assigning i, Withun, Gelondorph, Merebeke with the Church, Rimi, Triburi, Goltbeke, Dodenhuson, Waldimanninckhuson, Havergo, Nedere, Balehornon with a tithe, Meinwerk assigns an ample endowment, Lessete with a tithe, Wanbeche, Hoensile, the estate of Radincheim, with a chapel and tithe, over half a village with a family, and the estate of Putten with a family, a church, and a tithe over the whole Parish; a Chapel in Vorthusen, pertaining to that same church; in Testerbant an estate with the whole family; the mother of the churches in Tuilon, with four Chapels appertaining, Niuvela, Helve, Haften, Gamberem with their tithes; Burgnon, likewise Burgnon, Andepo, with all its appurtenances, and all other profits which in any way can be given, into the protection and guardianship of almighty God and of all Saints committed; admonishing and calling to witness under the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that none of his successors, or any other person great or small, against the churches of God raging outside or within, to that same monastery and to the goods granted or to be granted to it, any violence or plunder by any rashness to inflict, or from the aforesaid monastery anything to take away or diminish of the treasures or estates, or to the Monks, there established or to be established, any force or trouble to inflict should presume. The Church also in Haldinghuson, with the Episcopal ban and three chapels appertaining, to that same monastery he assigned: and lest anything of ecclesiastical or temporal dignity in any respect should be lacking to it, skillfully to provide he took care.

[113] as also the sacred furnishings, But this is the adornment, which to that same Monastery he handed over, and which Brother Andrew, the Abbot Sigehard consigning it, received into custody. A silver table before the principal altar; a golden Chalice of 8 marks of tested gold, with the adornment of 72 stones decorated; a cast silver Chalice, of 30 marks, in which work the passion of S. Stephen the Protomartyr was contained; a smaller silver Chalice of 22 marks; smaller Chalices, of diverse quality and quantity of purest silver, 6; two silver Crosses with staves; two Candlesticks, having two and a half marks of tested silver; a silver Cup; 5 silver Cruets, 5 Dalmatics, 14 Chasubles, 7 Stoles woven with gold, of which one had 27 little bells, another 21, with the appurtenances of girdles and maniples added; likewise another 7 Stoles, 3 tunicles k, 25 Copes, 12 scarlet Palls, 6 Altar-coverings of various kinds, 9 scarlet Maniples, two scarlet little Offertory-cloths, 5 woolen Dorsals, 5 Choir-cloths, 5 Curtains, 7 Bench-coverings l, 13 tapestries, 50 Albs, with their Amices and Cinctures: a scarlet Covering m for the lectern, 33 crystal stones, a silver Crown before the principal altar, holding on the chief feasts 12 candles in honor of all the Apostles; another crown likewise silver in the midst of the monastery, holding candles in memory of the 72 disciples of Christ; the free election of the Abbot, and many other and diverse things, pertaining to the ecclesiastical apparatus. The free power also of electing an Abbot, according to the fear of God, for the support of the regular authority, by his Episcopal concession to the sons of that same Church he established and confirmed: so that the damnation and vengeance, to invaders of churches predestined by God, he incur, whoever in this matter any violence, or through malignant counsel, shall oppose them, and his gift and constitution and free license to infringe or alter by any device shall attempt.

[114] Over these and other benefits of the monastery a testament being made, the most pious Father himself and the other Bishops present, and entire immunity for the confirmation singly to the pulpit succeeding, by their Pontifical authority and a terrible and formidable ban to establish, confirm, and corroborate it took care: that namely if anyone against the tenor of this testament to that monastery any loss or injury shall attempt to inflict, the wrath and offense of almighty God and of his Saints he incur; and on the day of judgment, if not he shall have amended, to the divine curse let him lie subject: "Go, ye cursed, into eternal fire, which is prepared for the devil and his angels." He established, moreover, not for the sake of a tax or debt, but of inviolable love, that the Abbot of the aforesaid monastery, each year on the Dedication of his Church, the Bishop, if he is present, and his Canons to a banquet should invite: and nothing else, beyond what charity shall dictate, ever be compelled to pay. This gift Count Amulong, the chief Advocate of the mother Church, with his hand from the altar received, and by the ban of Royal power in his County established: over these things the prayers of those present and to come to him with God the Bishop besought to profit, that he himself to him a reward on the day of judgment restore, for whose love he said he had begun and accomplished. But of the estates conferred upon that same Church, Withun, Rime, Merebeche, Goltbeke, Dotenhuson, Waltmanninchuson, Havergo, Wanbiche, in the lower land by hereditary right he had possessed: Nedere indeed and Diriburi, and Hoensile, the Emperor Heinric to him for that same Monastery had given; Gelantorph also (as was said before *) from Lady Godruna and her son Hodan he had obtained; Lessete indeed a certain noble woman to that same monastery gave, from which the Bishop a supper for the Brothers to be provided by the disposition of the Cellarer instituted. But the tithes over the estates within his Bishopric established, assigned to that same monastery, to it he granted; and over the appertaining mansi, what before they had paid, to be paid he permitted; unwilling to stain by the diminution of another's right, what was built by himself with so great devotion. From all moreover military service n and the business of secular exactions, that same monastery free and immune to be he established. And to intimate to those to come and to those who would pass over its estates, both the devotion of the builder, and of the building in the form of a Cross an appearance and defense of a trophy, throughout all the estates pertaining to it, he ordered the Cross to be fixed, either in the gates, or in other more eminent places.

[115] then he takes care to have everything confirmed by Imperial edict. This monastery therefore, in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1031, the 14th Indiction, on the 4th of the Nones of November, as has been said, being solemnly consecrated; after the next feast of the Nativity of the Lord, the Bishop invited the Emperor to Paderborn; where, by the intervention of Gisla the Empress, and his most beloved offspring Henry the King, and Egilbert Bishop of Freising, the things which the Bishop had conferred on that same monastery in whatever matters, the Emperor establishing by imperial precept, on the 17th of the Kalends of February confirmed and corroborated: namely on this condition, that these stand under the fullest protection of immunity, and that under the defense of Imperial authority the Brethren of the aforesaid church possess them: so that no public judge, or anyone endowed with any judiciary power, the places or possessions granted or to be granted to that same church, for hearing causes in judiciary manner, for exacting fines or tributes, for making lodgings or provisions, or for taking sureties, or for unlawfully constraining their men, both serfs and freeborn, dwelling upon their land, contrary to reason, should ever at any time dare to enter; nor presume in any way to require or exact any public functions or dues or unlawful occasions: but that the Abbot of the aforenamed church with his Advocate, whom by the shared counsel of his Brethren he shall have chosen as defender, sagaciously providing the causes of things to be done and wisely disposing them, may faithfully and usefully provide in all things for the advantages of himself and his Brethren. But to the free men, conferred on that same Church, who in Saxon are called Malman, granting the same defense of Royal authority, whatever the royal fisc ought to obtain from them he conferred on that same monastery; which the Bishop, assigning to various uses, deputed the tax of these paying at Lessete, to the provision of light in the dormitory. In such manner the man of God, animated by the hope of heavenly goods, and aided and comforted in all things by the counsel and help of the most Christian King Henry the second of that name, the first Emperor, and the venerable Empress Cunigunda, began this monastery, where he disposed to await the last trumpet, with the love of monastic life with the greatest devotion; and in the 23rd year of his Episcopate, the seventh of the Reign of Conrad the second of that name, the fourth of the Empire, as has been said, consummated it, and sought and obtained from the same Emperor license for constructing others.

NOTES, G.H. & D.P.

CHAPTER XVI.

A Collegiate church being founded and endowed in the suburbs, Meinwerk dies piously.

[116] But the Emperor, turning aside from the city of Paderborn with the Bishop, came to Hiltiwardeshusun; where on the early morning of the following day, namely the Kalends of February, by the intervention of Gisla the Empress, and of his son Henry the King, the Bishop endowed with new estates, and of the aforesaid Egilbert Bishop of Freising, and on account of his frequent and devout service, a certain court of royal property named Gardenebiki, situated in the district of Lacni in the County of Count Herimann, with all its integrity, or whatever estate he had in the villages Huvinadal, Moldugavel, Liudelveshuson, situated in the same district and in the County of that Count, with all appurtenances, he gave to the Bishop; that this faithful man of his, whether far or near, might recognize that he was not unmindful of his most devout service. Such a testimony of his service and fidelity truly befitted him, who in all things and above all things sincerely loved God. But the Emperor, having advanced from Hiltiwardeshusun, proceeded to Fritzlar: where, interpellated by his benevolence and the urging of the aforesaid men, he conferred on him on the same day the County of Count Herimann situated in those three districts, Auga, Netega, Hessega. But in the autumn time, having entered Saxony, he came to Magdeburg: where by the intervention of Gisla the Empress, and some bondservants, and of his most dear son Henry the King, he assigned to him and the Church committed to him six bondservants, of whom these are the names, Thiethart the Priest, Luiza, Heregrim, Ethilier, Athalwart, Wicburg, with all their substance, as a gift of his magnificence, on the 12th of the Kalends of September. Blessed and to be beatified is the eternal memory of the soul of the giver and receiver, who with Christ the Lord may possess everlasting joys! The Bishop therefore, for obtaining the heavenly Jerusalem, disposing to make a church to the likeness of the holy Jerusalem church, summoned to himself Wino the Abbot of Helmwardeshusun, whom he had set there over the Monks of his city: and sending him to Jerusalem, ordered the measurements of that same church and of the holy Sepulchre to be brought to him.

[117] But having obtained the opportunity of time, the County of Count Dodico, taken away from the same Emperor through the suggestion of the Prelate of Mainz, the same Prelate being dead, he began to require, in season and out of season: fearing, if he neglected the things lost, that he would profit little before God in requiring others. But the Emperor, the manifold devotion of him toward God being learned, freely assented to his just desires in all things; and seeking an opportune time of satisfying his will, in the next year on the 3rd of the Ides of May at Nijmegen, an estate in Marsvelde in the district of Rittega in the County of Count Udo situated, the County of Count Dodico also being recovered, by the intervention of Gisla the Empress, and of his beloved son Henry the King, on account of his service very often rendered to him according to his vow, with all appurtenances and bondservants of both sexes, of whom these are the names, Wiga and his wife Olika, and his son Albern, and his sister Æthelinth, Volclach, and his son Buna, and his sister Gele; three other bondservants too, under the same authority of the precept, of whom these are the names, Emma, Sicca, Verthubreth, in the meantime conferred on him: and so, on the following 4th of the Nones of August, the whole County of Count Dodico, situated in the places Hesse, Nitergo, Netgo, Bohteresge, which then Count Bernard possessed, in Lintburg, he returned to the Church of Paderborn: and taking precaution, lest any dispute should afterward arise, he conferred the County which is situated in Cluvinga on the Prelate of Mainz: decreeing this, that if anyone seduced by diabolical persuasion should infringe these, let him know that he will have the hatred of God and his Saints, and will pay a thousand pounds of pure gold, half to the royal chamber, and half to the Church of Paderborn.

[118] But Wino the Abbot having returned from Jerusalem, and bringing the measurements of that same church and the relics of the holy Sepulchre, he founds a Collegiate church, the Bishop began to construct, to the likeness of it, a church in honor of the Holy Mother of God and perpetual Virgin Mary, and of the blessed Apostles Peter and Andrew, outside the city of Paderborn on the Eastern side, in which he gathered Canons serving God, to whom he ministered food and clothing from his own goods. But the Church being quickly constructed, perceiving that the day of his death was imminent for him, he dedicates it, he summoned the Archbishops, Bardo of Mainz, Herimann of Cologne, and Bruno Bishop of Würzburg; and by their testimony in the year of the Lord's Incarnation 1036, the 4th Indiction, on the 8th of the Kalends of June he dedicated it. But on that very day, the blessing of the sanctification of the Church being accomplished, before the solemnities of the Masses, the sermon to the people being finished, after the manner of other churches consecrated to God, he endowed it; giving it one court in Theldun, which he possessed from his paternal inheritance; two acquired by precarious tenure, one in Wallithi, the other in Asbiki, and one outwork in Assiki, one court in Valle.

[119] But because he did not have so much of estates only in the border, that it could suffice for the uses of the Church and of those serving God in it; the counsel of his faithful being received, the Tithes underwritten, and he endows it from the Episcopal Tithes, from the demesne courts pertaining to the Bishopric, he gave to that same Church. Of which the first is, Enenhus, and 13 outworks pertaining to it; Stidinan, Bennidisla, Colstidi, Dedinghuson, Heddighuson, Dal, Henghilari, Hilimari, Suafharon, Berghuson, Brochuson, Balhornon, Paderborn; Sutheim, and three outworks pertaining to it; Kyrcthorpe, Holtheim, Siwardassan, Nigenhus, and four outworks pertaining to it; Ilasan, Ascha, Bruch, Tuna, Bekinum, and four outworks pertaining to it; Henghi, Elinere, Brochuson, Aslan, Berghuson, and five outworks pertaining to it; Vralanchuson, Meginchuson, Burghuson, Hepin, Ikamannincthorpe, Bikesethon, and three outworks pertaining to it; Hisi, Unrecasson, Ekama, Helagankyrcan, and two outworks pertaining to it; Aldanthorpe, Bardingthorpe, Luthithe and two outworks pertaining to it; Dadenbrocke, Breca, Heginhuson, and four outworks pertaining to it; Rothbehtusson, Berga, two Holtisminni, Aginhuson, and six outworks pertaining to it; Sandenebike, Homa, Saftincthorpe, Stenhem, Hardincthorpe, La, Nihem, and four outworks pertaining to it; Malrede, Lieverincthorpe, Pummassan, Baddanhuson, Hiristalli, and five outworks pertaining to it; Wirigisi, Thesli, Brecal, Hemmadasson, Buffasson, Dasburg, and two outworks pertaining to it; Dasburg, Astnedere, Wardburg, and three outworks pertaining to it, one in the village itself; Westnederi, Astdagasson, Culite, and three outworks pertaining to it, one in the village itself; Vorsti, Rothun, Hiriswithuhuson, and three outworks pertaining to it; Aslan, Bilinchuson, Tevinchuson, Kurbike, and four outworks pertaining to it; Dalwic, Anasi, again Anasi, Lenghivelde, Vilisi, and one outwork pertaining to it; Vernethi, Asbiki, which is next to Hursti. But to the very bailiffs, who inhabited these aforesaid houses, or to those who are to be placed after them, he left over nothing at all except 15 acres for clothing: but all other things, which they shall have worked in the field or nourished in the houses, both their own which they have, or shall afterward, God granting, possess, and those pertaining to the Episcopal power, four-footed or feathered, he established to be tithed in the customary manner without any contradiction. But that he might omit none of these things which had been given to him by God, he gave also a Tithe in Sinithi upon his herds, and upon the swarms of bees; faithfully offering his vows to God and our Lord Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit.

[120] But he established, that if any of those who are seen to be set over all these, subjecting defrauders to anathema; presumptuously through evil will or on account of the wickedness of his heart shall have annulled this tradition, and according to his disposition shall not have given the Tithe, saying that he will justly not give it; and this shall have been proclaimed by the Procurator of the Brethren, or by the Provost of the place himself, or, what is greater, by the common complaint of the Brethren; if the rector of this matter is a Ministerial, he shall purge himself by an oath upon the Relics; if a serf, he shall free himself by the judgment of the heated iron, by synodal sentence. But lest the Bishop should seem to any of his successors, a man not of good will, nor retaining the love of God in his heart, to have diminished the stipends of his table; let him know that he has restored these Tithes both from hereditary and from acquired goods a hundredfold. He set also a boundary, as each Church is wont to have, the whole Clergy hearing, and confessing before all the people gathered, that all these things could be done without any contradiction. First this village, which is called Aspithara; another, which is called Hildelinghuson; that which is called Hassuithehuson; the fourth Hahensili, which by the common word is called Quadin; the fifth Asbetinchuson. Over all these, since they could not have any usefulness of woods, by Episcopal power he gave them in Benvidisla and in the marches of the Thurnithi, Renghithinchusi, Hildelinchusi, Aspethari, in each week six cartloads. He gave also to the honor and use of that same Church, part of his Sunder, on the Eastern side of the road which goes from the city of Paderborn as far as Asbethinchuson. The privilege of these things, sealed with his own hands, he gave to the sons of that same Church, that by the testimony of the writings the truth might be approved; if ever any tribulation or contradiction of the aforesaid things should be made by anyone, decreeing that he is to be struck with anathema along with Judas the betrayer, whoever of his successors, or kinsmen, or their posterity, from whom he had acquired a certain part by precarious tenure, shall have attempted to infringe these.

[121] Such were the works of the man of God for the hope of eternity, these the tokens of his love around the city committed to him: moreover thinking to build another, who, if he had lived, would have promoted it into a city of honor and beauty in the kingdom. For just as in the western and eastern part of the city he had constructed congregations of the servants of God; so in the southern part in the Field, in the northern part Sulithe, he had disposed to construct, in the form of a cross: that as it had been enriched and promoted by him from excessive poverty both by hereditary tradition, and by continual urging and service, by acquisition from Kings and other faithful; so by those serving the Crucified, and defending it with the arms of their prayers, against all the darts of the enemy, it might be fortified and distinguished. Therefore on the Tuesday before the Ascension of the Lord, this dedication being accomplished, and the solemnity of the Ascension of the Lord being celebrated, he began to be somewhat ill: and perceiving that the day of his calling was at hand, he began continually to give attention to prayers and alms. But there were two chapels at the Episcopal house, one in the passage, one above columns, made in honor of SS. Primus and Felician before the principal church. Into this one before the altar at the first hour of the day, on the Vigil of Pentecost, on the Nones of June, he ordered himself to be carried; and fortified by the reception of the Lord's body and blood, his hands and eyes raised to heaven, at the third hour of the day; at that hour, I say, at which the Holy Spirit had descended upon the Apostles in fiery tongues, and dies on the Vigil of Pentecost, and which had had in his mind a free dwelling, amid the words of prayer he commended his soul into the hands of the Father. That day from the sabbath, whose evening dawns into the first of the sabbath (whose most sacred night so always flowers with the joy of Christ's past Resurrection, as with the expectation of the judge to come, as is believed, on that same night) in that year was held the fiftieth: which number, both by the indulgence and remission of the legal Decalogue, and of spiritual grace, is held and proclaimed sacred. This year truly stood out as a Jubilee for the Bishop, in which, absolved of original and actual debt, he merited to be restored to the liberty of the glory of the sons of God. But on the same day and hour, on which the Bishop migrated from this life, Boso a Monk of the Church of Corvey, when he was being shaved in the cloister, sound and unharmed, looking at those looking, addressing those addressing, suddenly expired: and that the Holy Spirit, dwelling in the hearts of the faithful, is not to be provoked, by his own example he terribly declared.

[122] But the body of the Bishop, carried into the church of the blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, there, he is buried in the church of Abdinghof. as he himself living had disposed, is buried; that what he had merited before God, faithfully demanding it, might be salutarily sought after. But so great an abundance of all kinds of food was found in the Bishop's substance, that by a certain special magnificence, the poor running together from all the province, for seven nights alms were dispensed. But blessed Godehard Bishop of Hildesheim, his death being recognized by revelation, more attentively commended his soul to the divine piety; and at the third hour of the day, his steward announcing the meal prepared, he himself, that he might set the prepared things before the prepared for the meal, ordered, saying, his death divinely known to St. Godehard, and his soul commended. that he was to receive a certain messenger, and before the meal to celebrate the solemnities of Masses. Soon, a messenger of the Bishop's death coming, he immolated the salutary host to the Lord for the remedy of his soul; and returning to the meal, taking with both hands the fine wheaten bread set before him; "O blessed," he said, "Meinwerk the Bishop, how did your broad fine bread not free you from common death? And I," he said, "as long as I shall survive, will not taste of white bread"; and for two years, except four weeks and three days, by which he survived, he fulfilled what he had said. Behold a praiseworthy man, imitable by the perfect in all things: in whom the Monk has what to admire; the Cleric and Layman, what to imitate; finally every faithful soul, what to venerate. Therefore to be proclaimed with all glory, let the worthy memory of posterity venerate him; and let him be mindful of those mindful before Jesus Christ the Lord, to whom be honor and glory through all the ages of ages. Amen.

NOTES, G. H. & D. P.